Appendiceal Carcinoids in Children-Prevalence, Treatment and Outcome in a Large Nationwide Pediatric Cohort.

: Appendiceal carcinoids are rare neuroendocrine tumors and mainly found incidentally during histopathological examination following appendectomy. This observational cohort study was performed to determine the prevalence, treatment modalities and outcomes in children diagnosed with an appendiceal carcinoid tumor. : Data from the largest German statutory health insurance "Techniker Krankenkasse" were analyzed within an 8-year period: January 2010 to December 2012 and January 2016 to December 2020.

Laparoscopic versus Open Inguinal Hernia Repair Is Feasible in Infants with Caudal Anesthesia and Spontaneous Respiration.

Introduction:  Minimally invasive surgery (i.e., laparoscopy) and minimally invasive anesthesia (i.

Imbalance of NFATc2 and KV1.5 Expression in Rat Pulmonary Vasculature of Nitrofen-Induced Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia.

 Nuclear factor of activated T-cell (NFATc2), a Ca/calcineurin-dependent transcription factor, is reported to be activated in human and animal pulmonary hypertension (PH). KV1.5, a voltage-gated K (KV) channel, is expressed in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC) and downregulated in PASMC in patients and animals with PH.

The Role of Activin Receptor-Like Kinase 1 Signaling in the Pulmonary Vasculature of Experimental Diaphragmatic Hernia.

Aim: The high morbidity and mortality in newborn infants diagnosed with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is widely recognized to be due to pulmonary hypoplasia and persistent pulmonary hypertension (PH). The underlying structural and molecular pathomechanisms causing PH are not fully understood. Recently, activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK-1), an endothelial cell (EC) receptor, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of PH.

Kif7 expression is decreased in the diaphragmatic and pulmonary mesenchyme of nitrofen-induced congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

Purpose: Developmental mutations that inhibit diaphragmatic and pulmonary mesenchyme formation have been shown to cause congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and pulmonary hypoplasia (PH). Kinesin family member 7 (Kif7) plays a crucial role in diaphragmatic and pulmonary morphogenesis by controlling proliferation of mesenchymal cells. Loss of Kif7 has been reported to result in diaphragmatic defects and PH.

Prenatal administration of all-trans retinoic acid upregulates leptin signaling in hypoplastic rat lungs with experimental congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

Purpose: Pulmonary hypoplasia (PH), characterized by alveolar immaturity, is one of the leading causes of respiratory insufficiency in newborns with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Leptin (Lep) and its receptor (Lep-R) play an important role in fetal lung growth by stimulating alveolar differentiation and maturation. Lep and Lep-R are strongly expressed by alveolar cells during the saccular stage of fetal lung development.

Disruption of copper-dependent signaling pathway in the nitrofen-induced congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

Background: Normal development of the fetal diaphragm requires muscularization of the diaphragm as well as the structural integrity of its underlying connective tissue components. Developmental mutations that inhibit the formation of extracellular matrix (ECM) have been shown to result in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Copper (Cu) is an important element during diaphragm morphogenesis by participating in cross-linking of collagen and elastin fibers.

Lysyl oxidase expression is decreased in the developing diaphragm and lungs of nitrofen-induced congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

Introduction: Malformation of the nonmuscular tissue components in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is thought to underlie the diaphragmatic defect, causing intrathoracic herniation of abdominal viscera and thus disturbing normal lung development. It has been shown that diaphragmatic and pulmonary morphogeneses require the structural integrity of connective tissue, and developmental mutations that inhibit the formation of extracellular matrix (ECM) result in CDH with hypoplastic lungs. Lysyl oxidase (lox), an extracellular enzyme that catalyzes the cross-linking of ECM proteins, plays an essential role during diaphragmatic and pulmonary development by controlling the formation of connective tissue.

Myogenin gene expression is not altered in the developing diaphragm of nitrofen-induced congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

Purpose: Pleuroperitoneal folds (PPFs) represent the only source of muscle precursors cells (MPCs) in the primordial diaphragm. However, the exact pathogenesis of malformed PPFs and congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) remains unclear. The muscle-specific transcription factor myogenin plays a key role during development and muscularization of the fetal diaphragm.

Evidence for decreased lipofibroblast expression in hypoplastic rat lungs with congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

Purpose: Pulmonary hypoplasia (PH) is a serious condition in newborns with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Lipid-containing interstitial fibroblasts (LIFs) play an essential role in fetal lung maturation by stimulating alveolarization and lipid homeostasis. In rodents, LIFs are first evident during the canalicular phase of lung development with a significant increase over the last 4 days of gestation.

Expression of Eya1 and Six1 is decreased in distal airways of rats with experimental pulmonary hypoplasia.

Background/purpose: Pulmonary hypoplasia (PH) associated with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) represents one of the major challenges in neonatal intensive care. Eyes absent 1 (Eya1) and sine oculis homebox 1 (Six1) have been identified as essential components of the gene network that regulates foetal lung development. Eya1 and Six1 are expressed in distal epithelial tips of branching airways as well as in surrounding mesenchymal cells, highlighting their important role during branching morphogenesis.

Disruption of THY-1 signaling in alveolar lipofibroblasts in experimentally induced congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

Purpose: Pulmonary hypoplasia (PH), characterized by alveolar immaturity, remains the main cause of neonatal mortality and long-term morbidity in infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Lipid-containing interstitial fibroblasts (LIFs) are critically important for normal alveolar development. Thymocyte antigen 1 (Thy-1) is a highly expressed cell-surface protein in this specific subset of lung fibroblasts, which plays a key role in fetal alveolarization by coordinating the differentiation and lipid homeostasis of alveolar LIFs.

Implementation of fast-track pediatric surgery in a German nonacademic institution without previous fast-track experience.

Fast-track concepts in pediatric surgery were established in a university hospital in consecutive studies within several years. They significantly reduced the length of hospitalization compared with German institutions without fast-track protocols. The aim of this study was to assess the implementation process of fast-track in a German nonacademic department of pediatric surgery without previous fast-track experience.