Prognostic factors associated with worse outcomes following chemoradiation therapy in patients with anal carcinoma.

Aim: Chemoradiation therapy (CRT) is considered as the first line of treatment for patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal. Following initial CRT, patients who present with either persistent or locally recurrent disease are treated by surgical intervention. The aim of our study is to determine the prognostic factors associated with failure of CRT and overall mortality in patients with anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

Unraveling GPCRs Allosteric Modulation. Cannabinoid 1 Receptor as a Case Study.

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute one of the most prominent families of integral membrane receptor proteins that mediate most transmembrane signaling processes. Malfunction of these signal transduction processes is one of the underlying causes of many human pathologies (Parkinson's, Huntington's, heart diseases, etc), provoking that GPCRs are the largest family of druggable proteins. However, these receptors have been targeted traditionally by orthosteric ligands, which usually causes side effects due to the simultaneous targeting of homologous receptor subtypes.

Exploring the Benzazoles Derivatives as Pharmacophores for AChE, BACE1, and as Anti-Aβ Aggregation to Find Multitarget Compounds against Alzheimer's Disease.

Despite the great effort that has gone into developing new molecules as multitarget compounds to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD), none of these have been approved to treat this disease. Therefore, it will be interesting to determine whether benzazoles such as benzimidazole, benzoxazole, and benzothiazole, employed as pharmacophores, could act as multitarget drugs. AD is a multifactorial disease in which several pharmacological targets have been identified-some are involved with amyloid beta (Aβ) production, such as beta secretase (BACE1) and beta amyloid aggregation, while others are involved with the cholinergic system as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butirylcholinesterase (BChE) and nicotinic and muscarinic receptors, as well as the hyperphosphorylation of microtubule-associated protein (tau).

Disparities in hepatocellular carcinoma incidence among Hispanic and non-Hispanic adults in Arizona: Trends between 2009-2017.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly lethal cancer with few treatment options available to patients. Most HCC cases in Arizona, a state with a high proportion of Hispanic adults, have not been included in recent reports of HCC incidence. This study describes trends in HCC incidence and stage at diagnosis among Arizona residents between 2009-2017 and reports on racial and ethnic disparities for these outcomes.

Differential effects of obesity on perioperative outcomes in renal cell carcinoma patients based on race and ethnicity and neighborhood-level socioeconomic status.

Background: Obesity is a well-established risk factor of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), however the impact of obesity on surgical outcomes for racial and ethnic minority patients with RCC is unclear. This study investigated whether a higher body mass index (BMI) or obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m) was associated with worse perioperative outcomes and if there were heterogeneous effects based on race, ethnicity, and neighborhood-level socioeconomic factor.

Methods: In this single-center cross-sectional study, medical records of patients who underwent partial or radical nephrectomy between 2010 and 2022 were retrospectively reviewed.

A Nod for Meckel: A Novel Surgical Position Utilizing Meckel's Cave Anatomy for Percutaneous Glycerol Rhizotomy in Trigeminal Neuralgia.

 We aim to describe a novel positioning technique using a specific surgical table to achieve the optimal angle during percutaneous glycerol rhizotomy (PGR) for trigeminal neuralgia (TN).  This is a descriptive and photographic analysis of successful cases for future implementation.  This study was conducted at a single-institution, academic center.

General-purpose programmable photonic processor for advanced radiofrequency applications.

A general-purpose photonic processor can be built integrating a silicon photonic programmable core in a technology stack comprising an electronic monitoring and controlling layer and a software layer for resource control and programming. This processor can leverage the unique properties of photonics in terms of ultra-high bandwidth, high-speed operation, and low power consumption while operating in a complementary and synergistic way with electronic processors. These features are key in applications such as next-generation 5/6 G wireless systems where reconfigurable filtering, frequency conversion, arbitrary waveform generation, and beamforming are currently provided by microwave photonic subsystems that cannot be scaled down.

Changes in vascular access profile for pediatric hemodialysis patients over time: A registry-based study from Catalonia.

Background: The criteria for vascular access (VA) selection in pediatric hemodialysis (HD) population has changed over time until the current patient-centered approach using the individualized Life-Plan. We analyzed the type of VA used by incident and prevalent end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) pediatric patients (pts) treated with HD in Catalonia.

Method: Data from the Catalan Renal Registry of ESKD pts under 18 years of age undergoing kidney replacement therapy (KRT) were examined for a 22-year period (1997-2018).

Different Structures-Similar Effect: Do Substituted 5-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-1-indoles and 5-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-1-imidazoles Represent a Common Pharmacophore for Substrate Selective Inhibition of Linoleate Oxygenase Activity of ALOX15?

Mammalian 15-lipoxygenases (ALOX15) are lipid peroxidizing enzymes that exhibit variable functionality in different cancer and inflammation models. The pathophysiological role of linoleic acid- and arachidonic acid-derived ALOX15 metabolites rendered this enzyme a target for pharmacological research. Several indole and imidazole derivatives inhibit the catalytic activity of rabbit ALOX15 in a substrate-specific manner, but the molecular basis for this allosteric inhibition remains unclear.

Design, Synthesis and Biological Activities of (Thio)Urea Benzothiazole Derivatives.

(Thio)ureas ((T)Us) and benzothiazoles (BTs) each have demonstrated to have a great variety of biological activities. When these groups come together, the 2-(thio)ureabenzothizoles [(T)UBTs] are formed, improving the physicochemical as well as the biological properties, making these compounds very interesting in medicinal chemistry. Frentizole, bentaluron and methabenzthiazuron are examples of UBTs used for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and as wood preservatives and herbicides in winter corn crops, respectively.

Mexican radiationdermatitis management consensus.

Background: Radiotherapy (RT) is an essential element in cancer treatment: 50-70% of cancer patients receive RT at some time of the course of their disease. Of these, almost 95% experience some grade of radiation dermatitis (RD). RD can affect patient's quality of life during and after treatment.

In Silico and In Vitro Studies of Benzothiazole-Isothioureas Derivatives as a Multitarget Compound for Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE), amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregation and avoiding the oxidative stress could prevent the progression of AD. Benzothiazole groups have shown neuroprotective activity whereas isothioureas groups act as AChE inhibitors and antioxidants.

Safety and effectiveness of ferric carboxymaltose intravenous therapy in pediatric patients with chronic kidney disease.

Iron-deficiency anemia is the most common reason for worsening of the anemia characteristically seen in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) is a macromolecular hydroxide ferric carbohydrate complex that allows high-dose iron to be administered parenterally for gradual, controlled release. The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the safety and effectiveness of FCM treatment in pediatric patients with CKD non-dependent of hemodialysis, seen at a tertiary hospital.

C-NMR Chemical Shifts in 1,3-Benzazoles as a Tautomeric Ratio Criterion.

Benzimidazole is an important heterocyclic fragment, present in many biologically active compounds with a great variety of therapeutic purposes. Most of the benzimidazole activities are explained through the existence of 1,3-tautomeric equilibrium. As the binding affinity of each tautomer to a protein target depends on an established bioactive conformation, the effect of tautomers on the ligand protein binding mechanism is determinant.

Synthesis and Biological Importance of 2-(thio)ureabenzothiazoles.

The (thio)urea and benzothiazole (BT) derivatives have been shown to have a broad spectrum of biological activities. These groups, when bonded, result in the 2-(thio)ureabenzothizoles (TBT and UBT), which could favor the physicochemical and biological properties. UBTs and TBTs are compounds of great importance in medicinal chemistry.

Interaction of the Influenza A Virus NS1 Protein with the 5'-m7G-mRNA·eIF4E·eIF4G1 Complex.

The influenza A virus (IAV) is responsible for seasonal epidemics that result in hundreds of thousands of deaths worldwide annually. The non-structural protein 1 (NS1) of the IAV inflicts various antagonistic processes on the host during infection. These processes include inhibition of the host interferon system, inhibition of the apoptotic response, and enhancement of viral mRNA translation, all of which contribute to the overall virulence of the IAV.

Synthetic Procedures to Access 2-Guanidinobenzazoles of Biological Interest.

Benzazoles (Bz) and derivatives are interesting molecules in medicinal chemistry. Several of these compounds display diverse biological activities; some are still used in clinical applications. In this way, synthetic chemists are interested in developing new procedures to access compounds with the guanidine moiety as 2-aminobenzimidazole (2ABI), Astemizole (antihistaminic), Albendazole (anthelmintic) and Carbendazim (fungicide).

N-substitution Reactions of 2-Aminobenzimidazoles to Access Pharmacophores.

Benzimidazole (BI) and its derivatives are interesting molecules in medicinal chemistry because several of these compounds have a diversity of biological activities and some of them are even used in clinical applications. In view of the importance of these compounds, synthetic chemists are still interested in finding new procedures for the synthesis of these classes of compounds. Astemizole (antihistaminic), Omeprazole (antiulcerative), and Rabendazole (fungicide) are important examples of compounds used in medicinal chemistry containing BI nuclei.

CD44-negative parietal-epithelial cell staining in minimal change disease: association with clinical features, response to corticosteroids and kidney outcome.

Background: Activation of parietal-epithelial cells (PECs) with neo-expression of CD44 has been found to play a relevant role in the development of focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). The aim of this study was to analyse whether the expression of CD44 by PECs in biopsies of minimal change disease (MCD) is associated with the response to corticosteroids, with kidney outcomes and/or can be considered an early sign of FSGS.

Methods: This multicentric, retrospective study included paediatric and adult patients with MCD.

Impacts of Neighborhood Characteristics and Surgical Treatment Disparities on Overall Mortality in Stage I Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients.

Racial/ethnic minority groups in the United States have high renal cell carcinoma (RCC) mortality rates. This study assessed surgical treatment disparities across racial/ethnic groups and impacts of neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics on surgical treatments and overall mortality. Stage I RCC patients diagnosed between 2004 and 2016 from National Cancer Database were included (n = 238,141).

Renal Cell Carcinoma Surgical Treatment Disparities in American Indian/Alaska Natives and Hispanic Americans in Arizona.

American Indians/Alaska Natives (AI/AN) and Hispanic Americans (HA) have higher kidney cancer incidence and mortality rates compared to non-Hispanic Whites (NHW). Herein, we describe the disparity in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) surgical treatment for AI/AN and HA and the potential association with mortality in Arizona. A total of 5111 stage I RCC cases diagnosed between 2007 and 2016 from the Arizona Cancer Registry were included.

-Substituted 5-(1-Indol-2-yl)-2-methoxyanilines Are Allosteric Inhibitors of the Linoleate Oxygenase Activity of Selected Mammalian ALOX15 Orthologs: Mechanism of Action.

Here, we describe the first systematic study on the mechanism of substrate-selective inhibition of mammalian ALOX15 orthologs. For this purpose, we prepared a series of -substituted 5-(1-indol-2-yl)anilines and found that (-(5-(1-indol-2-yl)-2-methoxyphenyl)sulfamoyl)carbamates and their monofluorinated analogues are potent and selective inhibitors of the linoleate oxygenase activity of rabbit and human ALOX15. Introduction of a 2-methoxyaniline moiety into the core pharmacophore plays a crucial role in substrate-selective inhibition of ALOX15-catalyzed oxygenation of linoleic acid at submicromolar concentrations without affecting arachidonic acid oxygenation.

Benzothiazoles from Condensation of -Aminothiophenoles with Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives: A Review.

Nowadays, organic chemists are interested in the field of heterocyclic chemistry due to its use in the synthesis of a great variety of biologically active compounds. Heterocyclic compounds are widely found in nature and are essential for life. Among these, some natural nitrogen containing heterocyclic compounds have been used as chemotherapeutic agents.