COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) in hematological patients: Could antifungal prophylaxis be necessary? A nationwide study.

Background: COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) has emerged as a relatively common complication. Multiple studies described this relationship in critical patients, however its incidence and outcome in other risk groups such as immunosuppressed patients remains unknown. In this sense, we aimed to evaluate the rates and outcomes of CAPA in hematological patients and according to the different hematological malignances, comparing to invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in non-COVID-19 ones.

Three Years of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic in a European Region: A Population-Based Longitudinal Assessment in Madrid Between 2020 and 2022.

Background: Our objective was to assess the health impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during 2020-2022 in the Madrid region.

Methods: We included all individuals registered in the Madrid Health System Registry as of 31 December 2019, and followed them until 31 December 2022. Using a unique personal identifier, we linked the databases of primary care, hospitals, pharmacies, certified laboratories performing diagnostic tests, vaccines, and mortality.

Impact on the time elapsed since SARS-CoV-2 infection, vaccination history, and number of doses, on protection against reinfection.

SARS-CoV-2 reinfections have been frequent, even among those vaccinated. The aim of this study is to know if hybrid immunity (infection + vaccination) is affected by the moment of vaccination and number of doses received. We conducted a retrospective study in 746 patients with a history of COVID-19 reinfection and recovered the dates of infection and reinfection and vaccination status (date and number of doses).

Prevalence and cost of hospitalized patients with asymptomatic COVID-19 in 2020 in Spain.

Introduction: COVID-19 transmission has been characterized by the presence of asymptomatic patients. Additionally, most studies evaluating costs focus on symptomatic COVID-19 cases.

Objective: To describe the prevalence, characteristics, and costs of asymptomatic COVID-19 cases at admission in Spanish hospitals in 2020.

Environmental factors are associated to hospital outcomes in COVID-19 patients during lockdown and post-lockdown in 2020: A nationwide study.

Objective: This study analyzed, at a postcode detailed level, the relation-ship between short-term exposure to environmental factors and hospital ad-missions, in-hospital mortality, ICU admission, and ICU mortality due to COVID-19 during the lockdown and post-lockdown 2020 period in Spain.

Methods: We performed a nationwide population-based retrospective study on 208,744 patients admitted to Spanish hospitals due to COVID-19 based on the Minimum Basic Data Set (MBDS) during the first two waves of the pandemic in 2020. Environmental data were obtained from Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service.

Neighborhood environmental factors linked to hospitalizations of older people for viral lower respiratory tract infections in Spain: a case-crossover study.

Background: Lower respiratory tract viral infection (LRTI) is a significant cause of morbidity-mortality in older people worldwide. We analyzed the association between short-term exposure to environmental factors (climatic factors and outdoor air pollution) and hospital admissions with a viral LRTI diagnosis in older adults.

Methods: We conducted a bidirectional case-crossover study in 6367 patients over 65 years of age with viral LRTI and residential zip code in the Spanish Minimum Basic Data Set.

Environmental factors linked to hospital admissions in young children due to acute viral lower respiratory infections: A bidirectional case-crossover study.

Objective: This study evaluated the association of the short-term exposure to environmental factors (relative humidity, temperature, NO, SO, O, PM, and CO) with hospital admissions due to acute viral lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in children under two years before the COVID-19 era.

Methods: We performed a bidirectional case-crossover study in 30,445 children with ALRI under two years of age in the Spanish Minimum Basic Data Set (MBDS) from 2013 to 2015. Environmental data were obtained from Spain's State Meteorological Agency (AEMET).

Reliability and discriminative validity of real-time ultrasound elastography in the assessment of tissue stiffness after calf muscle injury.

Objective: To investigate the reliability and discriminative validity of real-time ultrasound elastography (RTE) measures of soft-tissue elasticity after calf muscle tear.

Design: Cross-sectional, intra/inter-examiner reliability and comparative validity study.

Setting: Department of Physical Therapy.

Effectiveness of an HIV care model integrated into addiction care based on medication-assisted treatment for HIV-positive people who use drugs.

Our objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of initiated or reinitiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV-positive active drug users receiving integrated HIV and addiction care in a harm reduction setting. We performed a study of HIV-positive persons who use drugs (PWUD) in a harm reduction unit in Madrid, Spain. Participants received HIV care integrated into addiction care and received at least one dose of observed ART based on medication-assisted treatment between January 2013 and December 2019.

Recurring Severe Injection-Related Infections in People Who Inject Drugs and the Need for Safe Injection Sites in Madrid, Spain.

Background: An estimated 58 749 people with opioid use disorder engaged in opioid agonist therapy (OAT) in 1132 centers in Spain during 2017. We aimed to calculate the incidence of severe injection-related infections in people who inject drugs (PWID) engaged in OAT in harm reduction settings without a safe consumption space.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed in PWID engaged in OAT and in a mobile harm reduction unit to quantify admissions to a referral hospital for any severe injection-related infections between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2019.

Environmental factors are associated with hospital admissions for sepsis-related pneumonia: A bidirectional case-crossover design.

Objective: Pneumonia is a common cause of morbidity and sepsis worldwide, mainly in the elderly. We evaluated the impact of short-term exposure to environmental factors on hospital admissions for sepsis-related pneumonia in a nationwide study in Spain.

Methods: We conducted a bidirectional case-crossover study in patients who had sepsis-related pneumonia in 2013.

Epidemiological Trend of Sepsis in Patients with Hospital Admissions Related to Hepatitis C in Spain (2000-2015): A Nationwide Study.

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection predisposes patients to other infectious diseases, such as sepsis. We aimed to analyze epidemiological trends of sepsis-related admissions, deaths, and costs in hospital admissions with chronic hepatitis C who had a hospital admission in Spain.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study of all hospitalizations involving chronic hepatitis C in the Spanish Minimum Basic Data Set (MBDS) between 2000 and 2015.

Gender-based vulnerability in women who inject drugs in a harm reduction setting.

Background And Aims: In comparison with men, women who use drugs (WWUD) have considerably more frequent and intense experiences with interpersonal violence, sexual abuse and trauma. The aim of this study was to identify issues related to gender-based vulnerability in a group of WWUD attended in a harm reduction facility in Madrid, Spain.

Material And Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted during a screening of blood borne infections.

Epidemiological trend of hepatitis C-related liver events in Spain (2000-2015): A nationwide population-based study.

Objective: Analysis the epidemiological trends of hospital admissions, intra-hospital deaths, and costs related to chronic hepatitis C (CHC) taking into account four major clinical stages [compensated cirrhosis (CC), end-stage liver disease (ESLD), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and liver transplantation (LT)] in Spain.

Methods: Retrospective study in patients with chronic hepatitis C and a hospital admission in the Spanish Minimum Basic Data Set from 2000 to 2015. Outcome variables were admission, death, length of hospital stay and costs.

National Temporal Trend Analysis of Infective Endocarditis among Patients Infected with HIV in Spain (1997-2014): A Retrospective Study.

Background: People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH) form a vulnerable population for the onset of infective endocarditis (IE). We aimed to analyze the epidemiological trend of IE, as well as its microbiological characteristics, in PLWH during the combined antiretroviral therapy era in Spain.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study (1997-2014) in PLWH with data obtained from the Spanish Minimum Basic Data Set.

High rates of early HCV reinfection after DAA treatment in people with recent drug use attended at mobile harm reduction units.

Background And Aims: The World Health Organization recently called for the elimination of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and has identified people who inject drugs (PWID) as a key target population. Clinical trials analyzing currently available all-oral regimens have demonstrated a high degree of efficacy in this population, with a relatively low reinfection rate. There is an urgent need to confirm these data in a harm reduction and active consumption setting.

Analysis of environmental risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation: A case-crossover study (2004-2013).

Purpose: We aim to assess if air pollution levels and climatological factors are associated with hospital admissions for exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Spain from 2004 to 2013.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study. Information on pollution level and climatological factors were obtained from the Spanish Meteorological Agency and hospitalizations from the Spanish hospital discharge database.

HCV seroconversion in a cohort of people who use drugs followed in a mobile harm reduction unit in Madrid: Breaking barriers for HCV elimination.

Background And Aims: Harm reduction strategies have been shown to decrease the incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in people who inject drugs (PWID), but the results have been inconsistent when it comes to prevention of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. We aimed to examine the rate of HCV seroconversion among people who use drugs (PWUD) followed at a mobile harm reduction unit (MHRU) to evaluate if a low-threshold methadone substitution program (LTMSP) is associated with a low HCV seroconversion rate and subsequently identify barriers for elimination.

Materials And Methods: A cohort of PWUD have been followed at a MRHU in Madrid between 2013 and 2016.

Trends in pulmonary embolism in patients infected with HIV during the combination antiretroviral therapy era in Spain: A nationwide population-based study.

Chronic infections are a major factor in the development of pulmonary embolism (PE). We aimed to evaluate the trends of PE-related hospitalizations and PE-related deaths in people living with HIV (PLWH) during the era of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) through a retrospective study in Spain. Data were collected from the Minimum Basic Data Set (MBDS) between 1997 and 2013.

COPD phenotypes: differences in survival.

Background: The aim of the study was to analyze the characteristics and survival of a group of patients with COPD according to their clinical phenotype.

Patients And Methods: The study population was selected from patients undergoing scheduled spirometry between January 1, 2011 and June 30, 2011 at the respiratory function laboratory of a teaching hospital and comprised those with a previous and confirmed diagnosis of COPD and forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV) of <70%. The patients selected were classified into 4 groups: positive bronchodilator response, non-exacerbator, exacerbator with emphysema, and exacerbator with chronic bronchitis.

High HIV seroconversion rate in hepatitis C virus-infected drug users followed in a harm reduction unit: a lost opportunity for preexposure prophylaxis.

Objectives: Current harm reduction strategies will probably remain insufficient to eliminate HIV transmission among drug users. We aimed to estimate the HIV seroconversion rate among drug users followed at a harm reduction unit (HRU) to evaluate the potential use of preexposure prophylaxis as a prevention tool.

Design And Methods: A cohort of drug users has been followed at an HRU in Madrid between 2013 and 2016.

Epidemiological trends of sepsis in the twenty-first century (2000-2013): an analysis of incidence, mortality, and associated costs in Spain.

Background: Sepsis has represented a substantial health care and economic burden worldwide during the previous several decades. Our aim was to analyze the epidemiological trends of hospital admissions, deaths, hospital resource expenditures, and associated costs related to sepsis during the twenty-first century in Spain.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study of all sepsis-related hospitalizations in Spanish public hospitals from 2000 to 2013.

Epidemiological trends of deep venous thrombosis in HIV-infected subjects (1997-2013): A nationwide population-based study in Spain.

Background: Chronic infections may be a triggering factor as well as a risk factor of deep venous thrombosis (DVT). The purpose of this study was to analyze the epidemiological trends of hospital admissions related to DVT in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients during the combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) era, in relation to hepatitis C virus (HCV) serological status.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study using the Spanish Minimum Basic Data Set.

Stroke in HIV-infected individuals with and without HCV coinfection in Spain in the combination antiretroviral therapy era.

The incidence of stroke in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals has been well analyzed in recent epidemiological studies. However, little is known about the specific contribution of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection to stroke among HIV-infected individuals. The aims of this study were to analyze trends in the incidence rates of stroke in HIV-infected individuals during the combination antiretroviral (cART) era in Spain and to categorize them by the presence or absence of HCV coinfection.