Flavones isolated from with tracheal smooth muscle relaxant properties.

The inflorescences of are used as folk medicine to treat various respiratory diseases. In this work, we report the isolation of seven known flavones: 5-hydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone , 5,8-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone , 5,7-dihydroxy-3,8-dimethoxyflavone (gnaphaliin A), 3,5-dihydroxy-7,8-dimethoxyflavone (gnaphaliin B), 3,5-dihydroxy-6,7,8-trimethoxyflavone , 3,5,7-trimethoxyflavone and 3--methylquercetin . All these flavones except and showed a relaxant effect on guinea pig tracheal preparation with EC between 69.

Mechanism of action of relaxant effect of Agastache mexicana ssp.mexicana essential oil in guinea-pig trachea smooth muscle.

Context: Agastache mexicana ssp. mexicana (Kunth) Lint & Epling (Lamiaceae), popularly known as 'toronjil morado', is used in Mexican traditional medicine for the treatment of several diseases such as hypertension, anxiety and respiratory disorders.

Objective: This study investigates the relaxant action mechanism of A.

Gnaphaliin A and gnaphaliin B synergize the relaxant effect of salbutamol but not of ipratropium in guinea pig trachea.

Objective: This work was aimed to investigate the pharmacodynamic interactions between gnaphaliins A and B with ipratropium bromide (IBR) and salbutamol (SAL) using the guinea pig trachea model through application of the combination index (CI)-isobologram equation.

Methods: The guinea pig trachea rings in isolated chamber with Krebs-Henseleit solution (37°C) were contracted with carbachol (3 μm), and then, concentration-relaxant effect curves were constructed for individual drugs and in combination at fixed constant ratios (1 : 1, 3 : 1 and 1 : 3). Median effect and combination index (CI)-isobologram equations were used for determining interactions.

Study on action mechanism of 1-(4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl)piperazine (MMPP) in acquisition, formation, and consolidation of memory in mice.

In the present study, the mechanism of action of MMPP (1-(4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl) piperazine) in the acquisition (pretraining administration), formation (posttraining administration), and consolidation (pretest administration) of memory was assessed in the passive avoidance test using a short- and long-term memory protocol in mice. MMPP modified avoidance in the acquisition and formation of memory protocols but not in the consolidation protocol. Scopolamine (0.

Toxic rather than neuropharmacological effect of Ternstroemia sylvatica fruits and identification of 28-O-[β-l-6-rhamnopyranosyl]-R1-barrigenol as a new compound with toxic effects in mice.

Context: Fruits of Ternstroemia sylvatica Schltdl. and Cham. (Theaceae) are used in Mexican traditional medicine to alleviate anxiety, sleep disorders and seizures; however, the active principles have not been identified.

Development and validation of a column high-performance liquid chromatography method for quantification of ganaphaliin A and B in inflorescences of Gnaphalium liebmannii Sch. Bp ex Klatt.

An HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous determination of gnaphaliin A and B, active compounds of Gnaphalium liebmannii Sch. Bp ex Klatt. The HPLC separation was performed on an Inertsil ODS-3 (150 x 4.