Cryptic diversity of Leurus wasps (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Metopiinae), parasitoids of caterpillars in Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica.

As a consequence of COI barcoding hundreds of reared specimens of what appeared to be Leurus caeruliventris, a parasitoid of leaf-rolling Crambidae (Lepidoptera) from the Area de Conservación Guanacaste, northwestern Costa Rica, and matching them with their host caterpillars and morphological traits, we describe ten new sympatric species and redescribe L. caeruliventris. The new species, authored by Zuñiga & Valerio, are: Leurus billeberhardi, L.

Revision of the World species of the genus Ashmead (Hymenoptera, Platygastridae, Scelioninae).

The genus Ashmead is revised. Twenty-seven species are recognized, of which six species are redescribed: (Risbec), Kieffer, Kieffer, Kieffer, Ashmead, Kieffer; and twenty-one species are described as new: Chen & Johnson, , Chen & Johnson, , Chen & Masner, , Chen & Johnson, , Chen & Johnson, , Chen & Johnson, , Chen & Johnson, , Chen & Masner, , Chen & Johnson, , Chen & Johnson, , Chen & Masner, , Chen & Johnson, , Chen & Johnson, , Chen & Masner, , Chen & Johnson, , Chen & Johnson, , Chen & Johnson, , Chen & Johnson, , Chen & Johnson, , Chen & Johnson, , Chen & Johnson, Kieffer remains a valid species, but its identity and status are unclear. All species are known only from the Neotropical region except for (Resbec) which only occurs in Africa.

New species of Evaniodini (Braconidae: Doryctinae) from Brazil.

A new species, Evaniodes costatus Valerio sp. nov., belonging to the tribe Evanoidini is described and illustrated.

Thirteen new Costa Rican species belonging to the genus Triraphis Ruthe (Braconidae: Rogadinae) with their host records.

Thirteen new species belonging to the genus Triraphis Ruthe are described and illustrated: Triraphis baios sp. nov., T.

Monograph of the Afrotropical species of Scelio Latreille (Hymenoptera, Platygastridae), egg parasitoids of acridid grasshoppers (Orthoptera, Acrididae).

The genus Scelio is a cosmopolitan and speciose group of solitary parasitoids of the eggs of short-horned grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae). A number of these hosts are important pests, including plague locusts of the genus Schistocerca. Species of Scelio are recognized as potentially important biological control agents, but this possibility has yet to be fully realized, in part because the species-level taxonomy is still incompletely developed.

Systematics of Old World Odontacolus Kieffer s.l. (Hymenoptera, Platygastridae s.l.): parasitoids of spider eggs.

The genera Odontacolus Kieffer and Cyphacolus Priesner are among the most distinctive platygastroid wasps because of their laterally compressed metasomal horn; however, their generic status has remained unclear. We present a morphological phylogenetic analysis comprising all 38 Old World and four Neotropical Odontacolus species and 13 Cyphacolus species, which demonstrates that the latter is monophyletic but nested within a somewhat poorly resolved Odontacolus. Based on these results Cyphacolus syn.

A phylogeny of howler monkeys (Cebidae: Alouatta) based on mitochondrial, chromosomal and morphological data.

The current taxonomic status of the species and subspecies belonging to the genus Alouatta is addressed by combined phylogenetic analysis using morphological, kariotipyc and molecular data (mitochondrial genes cytocrome oxidase II and cytochrome B). Our result demonstrated that Alouatta palliata is the most basal taxon for the genus in concordance with previous studies, as well as showing the validity of the taxon Alouatta sara as a species. Also our analysis shows that the sex chromosome has evolved from a XY/XX system to a X1X2Y1Y2/X1X1X2X2 system within the genus, as well as an increase in the size and complexity of the hioideal bone.