Role of specialized pro-resolving mediators on inflammation, cardiometabolic health, disease progression, and quality of life after omega-3 PUFA supplementation and aerobic exercise training in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized 16-week, placebo-controlled interventional trial.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by autoantibody production and synovial membrane damage. It significantly impairs overall function and quality of life. Consumption of omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and regular aerobic exercise (AEx) training are reported to have positive effects on the progression of RA.

Obesogenic Diet in Mice Leads to Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in the Mother in Association with Sex-Specific Changes in Fetal Development, Inflammatory Markers and Placental Transcriptome.

Background: Obesity during pregnancy is related to adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Factors involved in these outcomes may include increased maternal insulin resistance, inflammation, oxidative stress, and nutrient mishandling. The placenta is the primary determinant of fetal outcomes, and its function can be impacted by maternal obesity.

Placental inflammation, oxidative stress, and fetal outcomes in maternal obesity.

The obesity epidemic has led to a growing body of research investigating the consequences of maternal obesity on pregnancy and offspring health. The placenta, traditionally viewed as a passive intermediary between mother and fetus, is known to play a critical role in modulating the intrauterine environment and fetal development, and we now know that maternal obesity leads to increased inflammation, oxidative stress, and altered placental function. Here, we review recent research exploring the involvement of inflammation and oxidative stress as mechanisms impacting the placenta and fetus during obese pregnancy.

Community strategies for health promotion and prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases with a focus on physical activity and nutrition: the URO/FOCOS study protocol.

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) account for 71% of all annual deaths, totaling 41 million people worldwide. The development and progression of these diseases are highly related to the environment and lifestyle choices, among which physical inactivity and excess malnutrition stand out. Currently, in Chile, there is no evidence at the regional and local level on the impact of physical activity and healthy nutrition plans and interventions on health promotion, prevention, and timely treatment of NCDs.

Next steps to advance general physical activity recommendations towards physical exercise prescription: a narrative review.

Physical inactivity is a major health concern, associated with the development of several non-communicable diseases and with an increased mortality rate. Therefore, promoting active lifestyles has become a crucial public health necessity for enhancing overall health and quality of life. The WHO guidelines for physical activity (PA) present valuable contributions in this respect; however, we believe that greater specificity should be added or complemented towards physical exercise (PE) testing, prescription and programming in future recommendations.

Chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia induces cardiovascular dysfunction in a high-altitude working shift model.

Aims: Chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (CIHH) exposure due to shift work occurs mainly in 4 × 4 or 7 × 7 days shifts in mining, astronomy, and customs activities, among other institutions. However, the long-lasting effects of CIHH on cardiovascular structure and function are not well characterized. We aimed to investigate the effects of CIHH on the cardiac and vascular response of adult rats simulating high-altitude (4600 m) x low-altitude (760 m) working shifts.

Developmental Ultrasound Characteristics in Guinea Pigs: Similarities with Human Pregnancy.

Background: Biometrical and blood flow examinations are fundamental for assessing fetoplacental development during pregnancy. Guinea pigs have been proposed as a good model to study fetal development and related gestational complications; however, longitudinal growth and blood flow changes in utero have not been properly described. This study aimed to describe fetal and placental growth and blood flow of the main intrauterine vascular beds across normal guinea pig pregnancy and to discuss the relevance of this data for human pregnancy.

The Role of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Their Lipid Mediators on Skeletal Muscle Regeneration: A Narrative Review.

Skeletal muscle is the largest tissue in the human body, comprising approximately 40% of body mass. After damage or injury, a healthy skeletal muscle is often fully regenerated; however, with aging and chronic diseases, the regeneration process is usually incomplete, resulting in the formation of fibrotic tissue, infiltration of intermuscular adipose tissue, and loss of muscle mass and strength, leading to a reduction in functional performance and quality of life. Accumulating evidence has shown that omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and their lipid mediators (i.

Obesogenic diet in mice compromises maternal metabolic physiology and lactation ability leading to reductions in neonatal viability.

Aims: Diets containing high-fat and high sugar (HFHS) lead to overweight/obesity. Overweight/obesity increases the risk of infertility, and of the pregnant mother and her child for developing metabolic conditions. Overweight/obesity has been recreated in mice, but most studies focus on the effects of chronic, long-term HFHS diet exposure.

Cardioprotective Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms Induced by Intermittent Hypobaric Hypoxia.

More than 80 million people live and work (in a chronic or intermittent form) above 2500 masl, and 35 million live in the Andean Mountains. Furthermore, in Chile, it is estimated that 100,000 people work in high-altitude shifts, where stays in the lowlands are interspersed with working visits in the highlands. Acute exposure to high altitude has been shown to induce oxidative stress in healthy human lowlanders due to increased free radical formation and decreased antioxidant capacity.

Melatonin treatment during chronic hypoxic gestation improves neonatal cerebrovascular function.

Background: Fetal chronic hypoxia is associated with blood flow redistribution and oxidative damage in the brain, leading to increased perinatal morbimortality. Melatonin reduces oxidative stress, improves vascular function, and has neuroprotective effects.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effects of an oral melatonin treatment to pregnant ewes at high-altitude, on the cerebrovascular function of their neonates.

The newborn sheep translational model for pulmonary arterial hypertension of the neonate at high altitude.

Chronic hypoxia during gestation induces greater occurrence of perinatal complications such as intrauterine growth restriction, fetal hypoxia, newborn asphyxia, and respiratory distress, among others. This condition may also cause a failure in the transition of the fetal to neonatal circulation, inducing pulmonary arterial hypertension of the neonate (PAHN), a syndrome that involves pulmonary vascular dysfunction, increased vasoconstrictor tone and pathological remodeling. As this syndrome has a relatively low prevalence in lowlands (~7 per 1000 live births) and very little is known about its prevalence and clinical evolution in highlands (above 2500 meters), our understanding is very limited.

Melatonin long-lasting beneficial effects on pulmonary vascular reactivity and redox balance in chronic hypoxic ovine neonates.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension of the neonate (PAHN) is a pathophysiological condition characterized by maladaptive pulmonary vascular remodeling and abnormal contractile reactivity. This is a multifactorial syndrome with chronic hypoxia and oxidative stress as main etiological drivers, and with limited effectiveness in therapeutic approaches. Melatonin is a neurohormone with antioxidant and vasodilator properties at the pulmonary level.

Melatonin Decreases Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling and Oxygen Sensitivity in Pulmonary Hypertensive Newborn Lambs.

Chronic hypoxia and oxidative stress during gestation lead to pulmonary hypertension of the neonate (PHN), a condition characterized by abnormal pulmonary arterial reactivity and remodeling. Melatonin has strong antioxidant properties and improves pulmonary vascular function. Here, we aimed to study the effects of melatonin on the function and structure of pulmonary arteries from PHN lambs.