Long-term quality of life in patients with bariatric surgery evaluated with BAROS.

Unlabelled: Quality of life (QoL) significantly improves in the short term after bariatric surgery (BS). However, evidence on the long-term QoL of patients with BS is limited.

Aim: To analyze the long-term QoL of patients who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG).

Reprograming skin fibroblasts into Sertoli cells: a patient-specific tool to understand effects of genetic variants on gonadal development.

Background: Disorders/differences of sex development (DSD) are congenital conditions in which the development of chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomical sex is atypical. With overlapping phenotypes and multiple genes involved, poor diagnostic yields are achieved for many of these conditions. The current DSD diagnostic regimen can be augmented by investigating transcriptome/proteome in vivo, but it is hampered by the unavailability of affected gonadal tissue at the relevant developmental stage.

Genetic control of typical and atypical sex development.

Sex development relies on the sex-specific action of gene networks to differentiate the bipotential gonads of the growing fetus into testis or ovaries, followed by the differentiation of internal and external genitalia depending on the presence or absence of hormones. Differences in sex development (DSD) arise from congenital alterations during any of these processes, and are classified depending on sex chromosomal constitution as sex chromosome DSD, 46,XY DSD or 46,XX DSD. Understanding the genetics and embryology of typical and atypical sex development is essential for diagnosing, treating and managing DSD.

FGF9 variant in 46,XY DSD patient suggests a role for dimerization in sex determination.

46,XY gonadal dysgenesis (GD) is a Disorder/Difference of Sex Development (DSD) that can present with phenotypes ranging from ambiguous genitalia to complete male-to-female sex reversal. Around 50% of 46,XY DSD cases receive a molecular diagnosis. In mice, Fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) is an important component of the male sex-determining pathway.

[Recommendations for the diagnosis and management of cytomegalovirus infection in pregnant woman and newborn infant].

The Chilean Society of Infectology, through its Neonatal Infections Committee in conjunction with the Chilean Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology, propose a document for the Diagnosis and Management of Cytomegalovirus Infection in Pregnant Woman and Newborn Infant. This guideline suggests the management of mother and child infection, its diagnostic and therapeutic options. Considers the global and Latin American epidemiology, with recommendations for clinical and laboratory evaluation; diagnostic criteria, therapeutic approaches according to the clinical situation, analyzes prevention measures and establishes a national proposal for monitoring this disease.

[Tuberculosis: a challenge in newborn care and how to deal with it. Update document].

Tuberculosis in the neonatal stage has a high morbidity and mortality, is difficult to diagnose and involves the mother-child binomial and their environment. The particular characteristics of the immune system in pregnant women and the newborn, impact the clinical presentation of this disease. Its diagnosis is complex and the establishment of treatment must be timely and cannot be postponed.

[Changes in body composition in patients following bariatric surgery: gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy].

Introduction: among the surgical techniques that promote greater weight loss are Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG). These procedures generate changes in muscle mass (MM) and fat mass (FM). Objective: the aim of this study was to determine changes in body composition in patients undergoing RYGB and SG in a period of one-year after surgery.

A clinical algorithm to diagnose differences of sex development.

The diagnosis and management of children born with ambiguous genitalia is challenging for clinicians. Such differences of sex development (DSDs) are congenital conditions in which chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomical sex is atypical. The aetiology of DSDs is very heterogenous and a precise diagnosis is essential for management of genetic, endocrine, surgical, reproductive, and psychosocial issues.

[Blood cultures in newborns: optimizing sample collection and performance].

The request of blood cultures in medical care is frequent, especially in Neonatal Units, where it is performed routinely in case of suspected early or late sepsis. The purpose of this document is to standardize the sampling technique in order to increase its performance and establish criteria to interpret a positive blood culture.

[Immigration and impact on infectious diseases of the newborn].

Over the past few years immigration has become an important issue in Chile. Particular attention should be paid in foreign pregnant mothers. Infectious diseases screening in this group greatly reduce the risk of transmission to the fetus with appropriate therapy.

[TORCH syndrome: Rational approach of pre and post natal diagnosis and treatment. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Neonatal Infections Sociedad Chilena de Infectología, 2016].

There is a lot of bacterial, viral or parasite infections who are able to be transmitted vertically from the mother to the fetus or newborn which implicates an enormous risk for it. The TORCH acronym is used universally to refer to a fetus or newborn which presents clinical features compatible with a vertically acquired infection and allows a rational diagnostic and therapeutic approach. The traditional "TORCH test" is nowadays considered not appropriate and it has been replaced for specific test for specific pathogens under well defined circumstances.

[Reinstating cloxacilin for empiric antibiotic in late-onset sepsis].

Vancomycin has been used for more than 50 years in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) as the therapy of choice for late-onset sepsis, mainly because Coagulase negative Staphylococci (CoNS) are common and mostly resistant to oxacyllin despitelow virulence and unusual association with fulminant sepsis. CUs due to several factors including its high pharmacokinetic variability, difficulty in reaching therapeutic plasmatic drug concentrations and progressively increasing minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). The increase of CoNS with higher MICs as well as the rise of infections caused by resistant gram-negative bacilli and candida should move to reconsider Vancomycin as first line treatment.

[Postoperative analgesia in gyneco-obstetrics].

Introduction: Frequently, postoperative pain lacks of systematic evaluation and follow-up.

Objectives: 1. To determine the proportion of cases without appropriate pain relief in an Obstetrics and Gynecology hospital service.