The Endoscopic Transorbital Approach for Vascular Surgery: An Anterior Circulation Anatomic Study, 2-Dimensional Operative Video.

Background And Objectives: Minimally invasive endoscopic approaches in cranial base surgery have been developing in the past decades. The transorbital (TO) route is one promising alternative, yet its adequacy for intracranial vascular lesions remains unclear. The present anatomic work aimed to test the feasibility and to provide a qualitative description of the endoscopic TO approach for the anterior circulation, namely the internal carotid artery and the middle cerebral artery.

Optimizing the Endoscopic Transorbital Approach: MacCarty Keyhole for Enhanced Surgical Exposure in the Opticocarotid Region.

Background: In recent years, the endoscopic transorbital (TO) approach has gained increasing interest for the treatment of middle cranial fossa lesions. We propose a technical refinement to the conventional superior eyelid TO approach, which improves the surgical exposure and augments the working angles when targeting the opticocarotid region.

Methods: Four embalmed adult cadaveric specimens (8 sides) were dissected at the Laboratory of Surgical Neuroanatomy of our institution.

Clinicopathological and Neuroimaging Features of Primary Gliosarcoma: A Case Series and Review of Literature.

Background: Gliosarcoma (GS) is a rare primary high-grade brain neoplasm with a poor prognosis and challenging surgical resection. Although it is now considered a morphologic variant of IDH-wildtype glioblastoma (World Health Organization Classification of Tumours 2021), GS may display peculiarities that hamper both surgical and oncological management.

Methods: In this retrospective study, we searched our registry for histologically confirmed GS patients between 2006 and 2020.

Validation of Presurgical Simulation of White Matter Damage Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging.

Background: The understanding of white matter (WM) was revolutionized by the emergence of tractography based on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Currently, DTI simulations are implemented in preoperative planning to optimize surgical approaches. The reliability of these simulations has been questioned and investigated seeking for correlation between neurological performance and anomalies in DTI parameters.

Women's role in neurosurgical research: is the gender gap improving?

Objective: The percentage of women publishing high-impact neurosurgical research might be perceived as a representation of our specialty and may influence the perpetuation of the existing gender gap. This study investigated whether the trend in women taking lead roles in neurosurgical research has mirrored the increase in female neurosurgeons during the past decade and whether our most prestigious publications portray enough female role models to stimulate gender diversity among the new generation of neurosurgeons.

Methods: Two of the most prominent neurosurgical journals-Journal of Neurosurgery and Neurosurgery-were selected for this study, and every original article that was published in 2009 and 2019 in each of those journals was investigated according to the gender of the first and senior authors, their academic titles, their affiliations, and their institutions' region.