Emerging Therapies for Brain Metastases in NSCLC, Breast Cancer, and Melanoma: A Critical Review.

Purpose Of Review: Advancements in precision medicine have shifted the treatment paradigm of brain metastases (BM) from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), breast cancer, and melanoma, especially through targeted therapies focused on specific molecular drivers. These novel agents have improved outcomes by overcoming challenges posed by the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and resistance mechanisms, enabling more effective treatment of BM.

Recent Findings: In NSCLC, therapies such as osimertinib have improved efficacy in treating EGFR-mutant BM, with emerging combinations such as amivantamab and lazertinib offering promising alternatives for patients resistant to frontline therapies.

Expert range maps of global mammal distributions harmonised to three taxonomic authorities.

Aim: Comprehensive, global information on species' occurrences is an essential biodiversity variable and central to a range of applications in ecology, evolution, biogeography and conservation. Expert range maps often represent a species' only available distributional information and play an increasing role in conservation assessments and macroecology. We provide global range maps for the native ranges of all extant mammal species harmonised to the taxonomy of the Mammal Diversity Database (MDD) mobilised from two sources, the (HMW) and the (CMW).

Identification of amacrine neurons with a glycinergic and GABAergic phenotype in the mouse retina.

The amacrine neurons in the mammalian retina comprise a large variety of cell types with distinct properties and functions that serve to integrate and modulate signals presented to output neurons. The majority of them use either glycine or GABA as inhibitory neurotransmitters and express the glycine transporter 1 (GlyT1) or glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD67) and GABA transporters (GAT1 and GAT3), as a glycinergic or GABAergic marker respectively. We report here a novel subpopulation of amacrine neurons expressing both, GABAergic and glycinergic markers, in retinas from wild-type C57BL/6J mice and two transgenic lines.

Leveraging natural history biorepositories as a global, decentralized, pathogen surveillance network.

The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic reveals a major gap in global biosecurity infrastructure: a lack of publicly available biological samples representative across space, time, and taxonomic diversity. The shortfall, in this case for vertebrates, prevents accurate and rapid identification and monitoring of emerging pathogens and their reservoir host(s) and precludes extended investigation of ecological, evolutionary, and environmental associations that lead to human infection or spillover. Natural history museum biorepositories form the backbone of a critically needed, decentralized, global network for zoonotic pathogen surveillance, yet this infrastructure remains marginally developed, underutilized, underfunded, and disconnected from public health initiatives.

Systematics and Taxonomy of Koopman & Williams, 1951 (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae).

The Stripe-headed Round-eared bat, , includes three subspecies: (known only from subfossil records in Jamaica), (distributed from southeastern Mexico to northern Colombia, Venezuela west and north of the Cordillera de Mérida, and northwestern Ecuador), and (distributed in Venezuela east and south of the Cordillera de Mérida, the Guianas, Trinidad and Tobago, northeastern Brazil, and along the upper Amazon basin in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia). The last two subspecies are an attractive example to test predictions about the historical role of the Andes in mammalian diversification. Based on morphological descriptions, morphometric analyses, and phylogenetic reconstruction using the mitochondrial gene Cyt- and the nuclear exon RAG2, this study evaluates the intraspecific relationships within and the taxonomic status of the taxon.

A new polytypic species of yellow-shouldered bats, genus (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae), from the Andean and coastal mountain systems of Venezuela and Colombia.

Sturnira is the most speciose genus of New World leaf-nosed bats (Phyllostomidae). We name Sturnira adrianae, new species. This taxon is born polytypic, divided into a larger subspecies (S.

A taxonomic revision of the Yasuni Round-eared bat, Lophostoma yasuni (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae).

The Yasuni Round-eared bat, Lophostoma yasuni, was described in 2004 by morphological analysis of the holotype, the only specimen attributed to this taxon to date. A molecular analysis using cytochrome-b sequences and a new morpholo-gical analysis that includes the holotype of L. yasuni and two specimens of L.

Nanomechanical properties of human skin and introduction of a novel hair indenter.

The mechanical resistance of the stratum corneum, the outermost layer of skin, to deformation has been evaluated at different length scales using Atomic Force Microscopy. Nanomechanical surface mapping was first conducted using a sharp silicon tip and revealed that Young׳s modulus of the stratum corneum varied over the surface with a mean value of about 0.4GPa.

Words translated in sentence contexts produce repetition priming in visual word comprehension and spoken word production.

Previous research with words read in context at encoding showed little if any long-term repetition priming. In Experiment 1, 96 Spanish-English bilinguals translated words in isolation or in sentence contexts at encoding. At test, they translated words or named pictures corresponding to words produced at encoding and control words not previously presented.

A short-term training program reduced oxidative damage in elderly diabetic rats.

Introduction: Recent studies concluded long-term training programs have improved antioxidant system in young and adults diabetic rats. However, to our knowledge, little attention has been paid to elderly individuals.

Objective: To assess the influence of a shorter training program in reducing oxidative damage in elderly diabetic rats.

Resistance circuit training reduced inflammatory cytokines in a cohort of male adults with Down syndrome.

Background: It is widely accepted that muscle strength plays a key role on functional tasks of daily living and employability in individuals with Down syndrome (DS). Recent studies have also reported resistance training may improve chronic inflammation in other clinical situations. This is the first study conducted to determine the effect of resistance circuit training on low-grade systemic inflammation in adults with DS.

Low-grade systemic inflammation and leptin levels were improved by arm cranking exercise in adults with chronic spinal cord injury.

Objective: To ascertain the effect of arm cranking exercise on improving plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines and adipokines in untrained adults with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI).

Design: Longitudinal study.

Setting: Community-based supervised intervention.

Arm-cranking exercise reduced oxidative damage in adults with chronic spinal cord injury.

Objective: To assess the effect of a 12-week arm-cranking exercise program on reducing oxidative damage in untrained adults with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI).

Design: Randomized controlled trial.

Setting: Community-based supervised intervention.

Anti-inflammatory effect of exercise, via reduced leptin levels, in obese women with Down syndrome.

Recent studies have reported that obese young people with Down syndrome suffer from low-grade systemic inflammation. Whereas this condition may be improved in the general population by regular exercise, the problem has received no attention in the case of people with intellectual disability. Therefore, the authors' aim was to assess the influence of aerobic training on plasma adipokines in obese women with Down syndrome.

A 6-week training program increased muscle antioxidant system in elderly diabetic fatty rats.

Background: It is widely accepted that oxidative stress is associated with the physiopathology of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In fact, it has been pointed out as a therapeutic target in T2DM. Fortunately, several papers have reported that long-term training programs improved the antioxidant system in young and adult diabetic rats.

The bactericidal effect of silver nanoparticles.

Nanotechnology is expected to open new avenues to fight and prevent disease using atomic scale tailoring of materials. Among the most promising nanomaterials with antibacterial properties are metallic nanoparticles, which exhibit increased chemical activity due to their large surface to volume ratios and crystallographic surface structure. The study of bactericidal nanomaterials is particularly timely considering the recent increase of new resistant strains of bacteria to the most potent antibiotics.

Molecular mechanisms of MHC linked susceptibility in leprosy: towards the development of synthetic vaccines.

Tuberculoid (TT) and lepromatous leprosy (LL) develop in the human host depending on his ability to trigger a specific cellular immune response(CIR). Different genes have been demonstrated in susceptibility/protection and may explain the forms of leprosy. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) play an important role.