Leptin favors imbalance of antigen-specific CD4 T-cells associated with severity of cat allergy.

Introduction: Obesity can complicate IgE-mediated allergic diseases. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the ability of obesity-related concentrations of leptin to modulate the effector and regulatory Fel d1-specific CD4 T-cell subsets in patients allergic to cat, considered the third most common cause of respiratory allergy in humans.

Methods: For this study, plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 30 cat-allergic patients with mild, moderate and severe respiratory symptoms were obtained.

Leptin favors Th17/Treg cell subsets imbalance associated with allergic asthma severity.

Background: Obesity has often been associated with severe allergic asthma (AA). Here, we analyzed the frequency of different circulating CD4T-cell subsets from lean, overweight and obese AA patients.

Methods: Mononuclear cells from peripheral blood were obtained from 60 AA patients and the frequency of different CD4T-cell subsets and type 1 regulatory B cells (Br1) was determined by cytometry.

Major depression favors the expansion of Th17-like cells and decrease the proportion of CD39Treg cell subsets in response to myelin antigen in multiple sclerosis patients.

Background: Mood disorders have been associated with risk of clinical relapses in multiple sclerosis (MS), a demyelinating disease mediated by myelin-specific T cells.

Objectives: We aimed to investigate the impact of major depressive disorder (MDD) and cytokine profile of T-cells in relapsing remitting MS patients.

Methods: For our study, plasma and PBMC were obtained from 60 MS patients (30 with lifetime MDD) in remission phase.

Human pregnancy levels of estrogen and progesterone contribute to humoral immunity by activating T /B cell axis.

Circulating T (cT ) cells express CXCR5, PD-1, and, when activated, ICOS, and release IL-21. According to the production of IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-17 and expression of FoxP3, these cells are also classified as cT 1, cT 2, cT 17, and cT cells, respectively. This CD4 T-cell subset is pivotal to efficient humoral immunity, and pregnancy appears to favor IgG production.

TLR-2 and TLR-4 agonists favor expansion of CD4 T cell subsets implicated in the severity of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders.

Background: High frequency of circulating Th17 cell subsets expressing TLR2, TLR4 and TLR9 was observed in Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) patients, a severe humoral autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. Our objective was to evaluate the direct effects of different TLR ligands on CD4 T-cells form those patients.

Methods: CD4 T-cell cultures from NMOSD and healthy individuals were stimulated with different TLR ligands and the cell proliferation and cytokine profile was analyzed by [H] TdR up take and ELISA/ cytometry, respectively.

Serum leptin levels correlate negatively with the capacity of vitamin D to modulate the in vitro cytokines production by CD4 T cells in asthmatic patients.

Both obesity and low vitamin D levels have been associated with allergic asthma (AA) severity. In the present study, severity of AA was associated with obesity but to the in vitro IgE production. In those patients, higher levels of IL-5, IL-6 and IL-17 were quantified in CD4 T-cell cultures as compared with patients with mild and moderate AA.

The expansion of circulating IL-6 and IL-17-secreting follicular helper T cells is associated with neurological disabilities in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders.

Due to their function in assisting B cells, T cells may be involved in the production of pathogenic IgG in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). In the present study, the proportion of IL-6 and IL-17 T cell subsets was higher in NMOSD patients than healthy individuals. The frequency of both T cell subsets were directly associated with disease activity.

Serotonin decreases the production of Th1/Th17 cytokines and elevates the frequency of regulatory CD4 T-cell subsets in multiple sclerosis patients.

Excessive levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the CNS are associated with reduced serotonin (5-HT) synthesis, a neurotransmitter with diverse immune effects. In this study, we evaluated the ability of exogenous 5-HT to modulate the T-cell behavior of patients with MS, a demyelinating autoimmune disease mediated by Th1 and Th17 cytokines. Here, 5-HT attenuated, in vitro, T-cell proliferation and Th1 and Th17 cytokines production in cell cultures from MS patients.

Expansion of IL-6 Th17-like cells expressing TLRs correlates with microbial translocation and neurological disabilities in NMOSD patients.

Different microbial antigens, by signaling through toll-like receptors (TLR), may contribute to Th17-mediated autoimmune diseases, such as neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). The objective of this study was to determine the proportion of different Th17-like cell subsets that express TLR in NMOSD patients. For this study, the frequency of different Th17 cell subsets expressing TLR subsets in healthy individuals (n=20) and NMOSD patients (n=20) was evaluated by cytometry.

The proportion of different interleukin-17-producing T-cell subsets is associated with liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C.

Studies have suggested the pivotal role of T helper type 1 (Th1) -related cytokines on the outcome of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Nevertheless, the role of different interleukin-17 (IL-17) -secreting T cells on chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is less clear. Here, the in vivo IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17 levels were positively correlated with both alanine transaminase (ALT) levels and hepatic lesions.