Disparate Use of Diagnostic Modalities for Patients With Limited English Proficiency and Neurologic Disorders.

Background And Objectives: Limited English proficiency (LEP) impairs health access-including outpatient specialty care-and quality care, i.e., inappropriate use of diagnostic tests.

Differences in Mental Health Symptoms and Inequities in Mental Health Service Use Among Black and White Populations and Asian and Latine Subpopulations.

Background: While studies have observed mental health inequities across aggregated Asian and Latine populations, a critical gap exists in our understanding of inequities within and across Asian and Latine subpopulations.

Objective: We examined the prevalence of mental health symptoms and variations in mental health service use across Black and White populations and Asian and Latine subpopulations at a more granular level.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the 2016-2021 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey.

Race, Ethnicity, and Sleep in US Children.

Importance: Although racial and ethnic disparities are well documented in children's mean levels of sleep, particularly duration, evidence is mixed for sleep variability, an important sleep dimension of growing interest. Most research has also focused on comparisons of Black and White children, with limited attention to sleep variability disparities among other racially and ethnically minoritized groups such as Asian, Latinx, and multiracial children.

Objective: To investigate racial and ethnic disparities in children's mean levels of sleep and variability of sleep across multiple dimensions and diverse racial and ethnic groups using actigraphy data.

Intergenerational continuity of adverse childhood experiences among Mexican-origin families: Examination of intra and extra-familial adversities.

The effects of the intergenerational continuity of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on youth outcomes have been documented, particularly among mother-child dyads. Most literature has focused on the continuity of family-level ACEs (Traditional ACEs [T-ACEs]) and not community-level ACEs (Expanded ACEs [E-ACEs]) that disproportionately impact minoritized individuals. We aimed to (a) examine the effect of mothers' and fathers' T-ACEs and E-ACEs on youth's T-ACEs and E-ACEs, respectively, and on youth's depressive and anxiety symptoms; (b) examine whether youth's own ACE exposure explains the link between parental ACEs and youth depressive and anxiety symptoms; and (c) explore differential risks by mothers versus fathers.

Early Monitoring of Donor-Derived Cell-Free DNA in Kidney Allograft Recipients Followed-Up for Two Years: Experience of One Center.

(1) Background: donor-derived circulating free DNA (dd-cfDNA), an innovative biomarker with great potential for the early identification and prevention of graft damage. (2) Methods: Samples were collected prospectively and the study was performed retrospectively to analyze dd-cfDNA plasma levels in 30 kidney transplant patients during their post-transplant follow-up (15 days, 3, 6, and 9 months), to determine if the result could be of interest in the identification of possible adverse events, especially rejection. The aim was to verify whether the data on sensitivity, specificity, NPV, and PPV compare with reference values and creatinine values.

Promoting Workplace Health, Safety, and Well-Being Among Essential Agricultural Workers Through Vaccine-Preventable Infectious Diseases Training in the Rio Grande Valley.

Introduction: Health, safety, and well-being training programs provide essential education on anticipating, identifying, and mitigating exposures like infectious diseases. Gaps in infectious diseases awareness and education became especially apparent during the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequently were exacerbated by mis- and disinformation.

Methods: Vaccine-preventable infectious diseases training (influenza, hepatitis A and B, and tetanus infections, including COVID-19) was developed, delivered, and evaluated among 1,043 farmworkers, bodega workers, and production management in the Rio Grande Valley using mobile-learning technologies.

Feasibility and acceptability of the Problem Management for Moms programme for improving maternal mental health in Zambia: an open-label trial.

Background: Psychological distress is common among mothers in low-income and middle-income countries, limiting their capacity to care for themselves and their children. This study aimed to test the feasibility and acceptability of an adapted psychosocial intervention for distressed mothers in low-resource settings.

Methods: In this open-label trial, we enrolled women living in Lusaka, Zambia, with high mental distress (>7 score on the 20-item Self-Reporting Questionnaire [SRQ-20]) and children younger than 2 years, who had previously enrolled in the ZamCharts early childhood nutrition trial.

Field Notes from the Border: Lessons Learned in Conducting Mental Health Research Involving Newly Arrived Latinx Immigrants as Study Participants.

In this paper, we describe a research protocol for surveying and interviewing Latinx immigrants recently arrived at the US southern border, and we raise important and unique issues that need to be considered with this population. The main objective is to share experiences, challenges, opportunities, and essential considerations (which we call lessons learned) that researchers should take into account when working with this vulnerable study population. The six lessons learned focus on: (1) fostering relationships with community partners; (2) participant consent and compensation; (3) linguistic and cultural fluency of researchers; (4) adapting data collection procedures to the environment and conditions; (5) establishing trust with participants and being trustworthy; and (6) addressing the ethical considerations of research with immigrant populations and the positionality of researchers.

Sustainable Jam with Apple Pomace: Gelling, Rheology, and Composition Analysis.

Fruit juice processing can generate significant waste, but efficiently repurposing some of its byproducts not only reduces environmental impact but also adds value, thereby enhancing sustainability in the food industry. This work assesses the use of hydrocolloids in jam preparation and the influence of time and temperature on gelation in the presence of apple pomace. The effects of different processing conditions were analyzed using response surface methodology.

County-Level Enrollment in Medicare Advantage Plans Offering Expanded Supplemental Benefits.

Importance: Since 2019 and 2020, Medicare Advantage (MA) plans have been able to offer supplemental benefits that address long-term services and supports (LTSS) and social determinants of health (SDOH).

Objective: To examine the temporal trends and geographic variation in enrollment in MA plans offering LTSS and SDOH benefits.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study used publicly available data to examine changes in beneficiary enrollment and plan offerings of LTSS and SDOH benefits from the benefits data from the second quarter of each year and other data from April of each year except 2024, for which the first quarter was the latest for benefits data and January the latest for other data at the time of analysis.

Investigating the role of interpersonal relationships on low-income SUD patients' recovery: a qualitative analysis of various stakeholders in New York State.

Background: While positive impacts of recovery capital and social capital in facilitating substance use disorder (SUD) recovery is increasingly documented, research has shown that low-income and marginalized individuals have lower social capital and may rely on different networks. A more comprehensive approach is needed to understand the social capital of low-income individuals with SUD and how these relationships impact their treatment and recovery.

Methods: Qualitative data were gathered through semi-structured interviews and analyzed employing thematic analysis.

Algae-Boosted Chickpea Hummus: Improving Nutrition and Texture with Seaweeds and Microalgae.

The global food industry faces a critical challenge in ensuring sustainable practices to meet the demands of a growing population while minimizing environmental impact. At the same time, consumer awareness and the demand for quality products drive innovation and inspire positive changes in the food supply chain. Aiming to create a more sustainable and nutrient-rich alternative, this study is summarized by characterizing the physical and chemical characteristics of algae-enriched chickpea hummus: an innovative approach to popular food products.

Shared Decision-Making with Latinx Caregivers During Community Implemented Evidence-Based Practices: Determinants and Associations with Alliance.

Objective: The current observational study examined shared decision-making (SDM) with caregivers of Latinx youth within the delivery of multiple evidence-based practices (EBPs) in community mental health services. The aims of the study were to (1) Identify therapist and client factors associated with increased SDM within EBP sessions and (2) Examine the association between SDM and therapeutic alliance between community therapists and Latinx caregivers.

Method: The Observing Patient Involvement in Decision-Making (OPTION) instrument measured SDM in 210 audio-recorded therapy sessions with 62 community therapists (91.

Clinician perspectives on characteristics and care of traumatic brain injury among asylum seekers and refugees.

Purpose: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) disproportionately affects asylum-seekers and refugees (ASR), although underdiagnosed and undertreated. Our study assesses clinicians' perspectives on characteristics and management of TBI among ASR, with the hope of improving TBI management in this population.

Materials And Methods: We conducted six focus groups of 16 clinicians across two academic medical centers in Boston, Massachusetts, United States.

Prophages carrying Zot toxins on different Vibrio genomes: A comprehensive assessment using multilayer networks.

Vibrios, a group of bacteria that are among the most abundant in marine environments, include several species such as Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus, which can be pathogenic to humans. Some species of Vibrio contain prophages within their genomes. These prophages can carry genes that code for toxins, such as the zonula occludens toxin (Zot), which contribute to bacterial virulence.

Racial-Ethnic Discrimination and Early Adolescents' Behavioral Problems: The Protective Role of Parental Warmth.

Objective: The purpose of the study was to investigate the association between discrimination by multiple sources (ie, teachers, students, and other adults) and early adolescents' behavioral problems (ie, internalizing, externalizing, and attention problems), also considering the protective role of parental warmth in the association.

Method: Cross-sectional analyses were conducted with 3,245 early adolescents of color obtained from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (ABCD Study) at year 1 follow-up (Y1), a large and diverse sample of children (mean age = 9.48 years) in the United States.

A daily diary study of discrimination and distress in Mexican-origin adolescents: Testing mediating mechanisms.

The present 21-day daily diary study (conducted 2021-2022) tested anger and racism-related vigilance as potential transdiagnostic mediators linking exposure to racial and ethnic discrimination (RED) to distress (negative affect and stress, respectively). The data analytic sample included N = 317 Mexican-origin adolescents (M = 13.5 years; 50.

Family-level moderators of daily associations between discrimination and distress among Mexican-origin youth.

The current study evaluated cultural values and family processes that may moderate associations between daily racial-ethnic discrimination and distress among Mexican-origin youth. Integrating micro-time (daily diary) and macro-time (longitudinal survey) research design features, we examined familism, family cohesion, and ethnic-racial socialization from youth-, mother-, and father- reports as potential buffers of daily associations between youth racial-ethnic discrimination and youth distress (negative affect and anger). The analytic sample, drawn from the Seguimos Avanzando study, included 317 Mexican-origin adolescents (M = 13.

Multiple Discrimination and Substance Use Intention in Late Childhood: Findings From the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study.

Purpose: The study aimed to investigate longitudinal, bidirectional associations between discrimination due to multiple reasons (race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, weight; termed multiple discrimination) and substance use (SU) intention in late childhood. These associations were compared across youth with no, single, and multiple (i.e.

A Learning Assessment to Increase Diversity in Academic Health Sciences.

Importance: Strategies and innovations to advance racial and ethnic equity in recruitment, promotion, and retention at academic health science institutions are needed.

Objective: This learning assessment aims to isolate evidence-based strategies to advance racial equity in the academic health sciences, which have implications for policy and institution-level interventions.

Evidence Review: This learning assessment used a mixed-methods approach, including a quantitative survey, qualitative in-depth interviews, and a scoping literature review.