Hormones in malaria infection: influence on disease severity, host physiology, and therapeutic opportunities.

Human malaria, caused by Plasmodium parasites, is a fatal disease that disrupts the host's physiological balance and affects the neuroendocrine system. This review explores how malaria influences and is influenced by hormones. Malaria activates the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal axis, leading to increased cortisol, aldosterone, and epinephrine.

Plasmodium falciparum J-dot localized J domain protein A8iJp modulates the chaperone activity of human HSPA8.

Plasmodium falciparum renovates the host erythrocyte to survive during intraerythrocytic development. This renovation requires many parasite proteins to unfold and move outside the parasitophorous vacuolar membrane, and chaperone-regulated protein folding becomes essential for the exported proteins to function. We report on a type-IV J domain protein (JDP), PF3D7_1401100, which we found to be processed before export and trafficked inside the lumen of parasite-derived structures known as J-dots.

Comparative Analysis of Host Metabolic Alterations in Murine Malaria Models with Uncomplicated or Severe Malaria.

Malaria varies in severity, with complications ranging from uncomplicated to severe malaria. Severe malaria could be attributed to peripheral hyperparasitemia or cerebral malaria. The metabolic interactions between the host and species are yet to be understood during these infections of varied pathology and severity.

Plasmodium falciparum HSP40 protein eCiJp traffics to the erythrocyte cytoskeleton and interacts with the human HSP70 chaperone HSPA1.

Renovation of host erythrocytes is vital for pathogenesis by Plasmodium falciparum. These changes are mediated by parasite proteins that translocate beyond the parasitophorous vacuolar membrane in an unfolded state, suggesting protein folding by chaperones is imperative for the functionality of exported proteins. We report a type IV P.

Sputum Proteomics Reveals a Shift in Vitamin D-binding Protein and Antimicrobial Protein Axis in Tuberculosis Patients.

Existing understanding of molecular composition of sputum and its role in tuberculosis patients is variously limited to its diagnostic potential. We sought to identify infection induced sputum proteome alteration in active/non tuberculosis patients (A/NTB) and their role in altered lung patho-physiology. Out of the study population (n = 118), sputum proteins isolated from discovery set samples (n = 20) was used for an 8-plex isobaric tag for relative and absolute concentration analysis.

Biofluid metabotyping of occupationally exposed subjects to air pollution demonstrates high oxidative stress and deregulated amino acid metabolism.

Occupational exposure to air pollution induces oxidative stress and prolonged exposure increases susceptibility to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in several working groups. Biofluid of these subjects may reflect perturbed metabolic phenotypes. In this study we carried out a comparative molecular profiling study using parallel biofluids collected from subjects (n = 85) belonging to auto rickshaw drivers (ARD), traffic cops (TC) and office workers (OW).

Deregulated tyrosine-phenylalanine metabolism in pulmonary tuberculosis patients.

Metabolic profiling of biofluids from tuberculosis (TB) patients would help us in understanding the disease pathophysiology and may also be useful for the development of novel diagnostics and host-directed therapy. In this pilot study we have compared the urine metabolic profiles of two groups of subjects having similar TB symptoms and categorized as active TB (ATB, n = 21) and non-TB (NTB, n = 21) based on GeneXpert test results. Silylation, gas chromatography mass spectrometry, and standard chemometric methods were employed to identify the important molecules and deregulated metabolic pathways.

Investigation of gender-specific exhaled breath volatome in humans by GCxGC-TOF-MS.

Exploring gender-specific metabolic differences in biofluids provides a basic understanding of the physiological and metabolic phenotype of healthy subjects. Many reports have shown gender-specific metabolome profiles in the urine and serum of healthy subjects; however, limited studies focusing on exhaled human breath are available in the literature. In this study, we profiled the exhaled breath (~450 mL) volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of 47 healthy volunteers (age: 19-47; 23 male (M) and 24 female (F)) using a multidimensional gas chromatography and mass spectrometry and employed chemometric analysis to identify gender-specific VOCs.