Antimicrobial resistance and epidemiological patterns of Streptococcus pyogenes in Türkiye.

Background: Drug-resistant Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci remain significant infectious agents globally. This study investigated the major S. pyogenes strains responsible for infections in Türkiye and their susceptibility to beta-lactam and macrolide antibiotics.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pediatric bloodstream infections and alteration in antimicrobial resistance phenotypes in Gram-positive bacteria, 2020-2022.

Background: Alteration in the etiology of pediatric bloodstream infections (BSIs) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is not well known during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pediatric BSIs and alteration in antimicrobial resistance phenotypes in Gram-positive bacteria.

Methods: The frequency of BSIs among children under 18 years old was retrospectively recorded in a tertiary children's hospital in Tehran, Iran from February 2020 to December 2022.

Retraction Note: The Effect of Dexmedetomidine and Esmolol on Early Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction After Middle Ear Surgery Under Hypotensive Technique: A Comparative, Randomized, Double-blind Study.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.5812/aapm.107659.

The Frequency of Rotavirus Gastroenteritis in Children from West of Iran and Genotyping of Rotavirus Isolates: A Suggestion for Further Changes in Childhood Immunization Program.

Background: Rotavirus is the most common cause of gastroenteritis among children. Currently, four oral live-attenuated vaccines are available to prevent rotavirus infection. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended including rotavirus vaccination in national immunization programs; however, it has not been introduced to the Iranian national immunization program.

Comparative analysis of the RVA VP7 and VP4 antigenic epitopes circulating in Iran and the Rotarix and RotaTeq vaccines.

Analyzing the lineages and detecting antigenic variation in immunogenic motifs of Group A Rotavirus (RVA) variants is crucial because it can impact vaccine efficacy. This study investigated the circulating lineages of VP4 and VP7 proteins of human RVA isolates and their phylogeny in ≤24-month-old symptomatic, rotavirus-positive children with transudative diarrhea within 48 h of admission to Mofid Children's Hospital between December 2020 and March 2022 in Tehran, Iran. Antigen detection was performed by ELISA, RNA extraction, and semi-nested multiplex PCR for G/P genotypes, followed by sequencing and bioinformatic analysis using multiple sequence alignments in MEGA and phylogenetic analysis by Geneious Prime.

Key Considerations When Targeting a Heel Spur.

Heel spur is a common medical condition that can cause substantial discomfort and reduce the quality of life of the affected patients. When seeking treatment for a heel spur, it is important to consider the differential diagnoses and underlying medical conditions that may contribute to the symptoms. This manuscript aims to explore several distinctive diagnostic possibilities, essential factors to consider, and practical strategies for managing heel spurs.

Design and synthesis of vancomycin-functionalized ZnFe O nanoparticles as an effective antibacterial agent against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections is a principal threat to global health. Functionalization of nanomaterial with antibiotics is known as a useful method for increasing the effectiveness of existing antibiotics. In this study, vancomycin-functionalized ZnFe O nanocomposite (ZnFe O @Cell@APTES@Van) was synthesized, and its functional groups and particle size were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscope, and transmission electron microscopy.

Multicenter Study of Rotavirus Infection, Diversity of Circulating Genotypes and Clinical Outcomes in Children ≤5 Years Old in Iran.

Background: To determine the epidemiology of rotavirus group A (RVA) infection in symptomatic children, and analyze genotype diversity in association with clinical characteristics, geographical and seasonal changes.

Methods: The stool samples of symptomatic children 5≥ years old were collected from 5 different hospitals during December 2020 and March 2022. Rotavirus stool antigen test was done and G and P genotypes of the positive samples were determined.

Microbiome analysis of bile samples in patients with choledocholithiasis and hepatobiliary disorders.

Introduction: The involvement of bacteria in the pathogenesis of biliary tract disease is largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the microbiota of the biliary tissue among adult patients with choledocholithiasis during endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERCP).

Methods: sequencing of bile samples, culture, and data of the medication history, underlying diseases, and liver function tests were used for the interpretation of differences in the composition of detected bacterial taxa.

Transcriptional alteration of NF-κB-associated long noncoding RNAs in the stomach of Helicobacter pylori-infected and non-infected patients.

Introduction: Helicobacter pylori could colonize the gastric mucosa and cause gastritis, ulcers and cancer. Numerous virulence factors have been identified in this bacterium that play important roles in promoting gastric disorders. Although the interaction of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) with transcription, processing, and translation of genes associated with different diseases are described, their interaction with the inflammatory genes and H.

Refractory Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: A Case Report and Review of Literature.

Introduction: Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is characterized by extreme pain in a limb disproportional to the clinical history or physical findings accompanied by the signs of autonomic dysfunction. The pathophysiology of CRPS is obscure, making it challenging to treat. Treatment options include medications, physical therapy, and psychological support.

Molecular study on virulence and resistance genes of ST131 clone (uropathogenic/enteropathogenic ) hybrids in children.

To analyze ST131 clones and other characteristics in uropathogenic and atypical enteropathogenic hybrids. Samples were collected from children with urinary tract infections and underwent testing for antimicrobial susceptibility, multidrug resistance and extended-spectrum β-lactamases, biofilm formation and virulence, resistance genes, hybrid pathotypes and ST131 clones. isolates showed high levels of antibiotic resistance, extended-spectrum β-lactamase production, virulence genes, multidrug resistance and biofilm formation.

Evaluation of Covid-19 anti-spike IgG antibody five months after the second Covid-19 vaccination.

Background: Studies in different communities have shown significant differences in IgG antibody titers in the time period after the first and second doses of the vaccines. This study aimed to serologically evaluate the IgG anti-spike antibody titer five months after injection of the second COVID-19 vaccine in healthcare workers.

Materials And Method: This study was performed in healthcare personnel for whom five months had passed since their second anti-Covid-19 vaccination.

Serotypes: O-antigen Structure, Serotype Conversion, and Serotyping Methods.

is the most common cause of shigellosis in developing countries. Up to now, 23 serotypes of S. have been reported.

Activation of the DNA damage response pathway in the infected gastric tissue with Helicobacter pylori: a case-control study.

Introduction: Gastritis is among the most common human diseases worldwide. Although the involvement of Helicobacter pylori infection as a class I human carcinogen for gastric cancer progression is accepted, it is not well known how gastritis progression to atrophy and stomach cancer occurs. In this case-control study, the potential link of H.

Transcriptional analysis of Helicobacter pylori cytotoxic-associated gene-pathogenicity island in response to different pH levels and proton pump inhibitor exposure.

Background: Long-term use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) can increase the risk of gastric cancer in Helicobacter pylori-infected patients; nevertheless, there is no data about their impact on the pathogenicity of H. pylori. This study aimed at investigating the transcriptional alteration of key gene mediators of cytotoxin-associated gene-pathogenicity island (cag-PAI) among clinical H.

The intestinal carrier status of Enterococcus spp. in children: clonal diversity and alterations in resistance phenotypes before and after admission to a pediatric intensive care unit.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the intestinal carrier status of Enterococcus spp. among children in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and reveal the role of hospitalization in the alteration of resistance phenotypes and clonal diversity of the isolates during admission and discharge periods.

Methods: Two separate stool samples were collected from hospitalized patients in the pediatric intensive care unit at admission and discharge times.

Endogenous Bacteremia Caused by Intestinal Colonization of Carbapenem-Resistant (CR) in Immunocompromised Children.

Objective: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CR) infection is life-threatening, especially for immunocompromised children. The source tracking of CR could prevent bacteremia during hospitalization. In this study, the intestinal colonization of CR and their translocation to blood were investigated.

Seroepidemiological and Molecular Survey for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Infection among Children in Iran, September 2020 to June 2021: 1-Year Cross-Sectional Study.

A population-based seroepidemiological and molecular survey on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was performed to detect induced antibodies to prior exposure and active infection of children aged 14 years or less in Tehran between 19 September 2020 and 21 June 2021. Moreover, correlations between the children's demographic data and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms with the infection status were investigated. Out of 1517 participants, cardinal symptoms of COVID-19 (fever > 38 °C and/or cough and/or diarrhea) were detected in 18%, and serological history of SARS-CoV-2 infection and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positivity were confirmed in 33.

Comparison of Effects of Stress and Midazolam on Retrograde and Anterograde Amnesia in Patients Undergoing General Anesthesia.

Background: The identification of different factors affecting anesthesia and physiological changes during anesthesia can be effective in improving the quality of anesthesia. Midazolam is a benzodiazepine that has been used for many years for sedation under anesthesia. Stress is also an important factor affecting memory and other physiological changes, such as blood pressure and heart rate.

The Effect of Epidural Infusion of Dexmedetomidine on Postoperative Analgesia After Thoracotomy: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: The unique analgesic properties of dexmedetomidine have led anesthesiologists to use it as an alternative to relieve pain after major surgeries.

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the effect of continuous injection of thoracic epidural dexmedetomidine on analgesia after thoracotomy.

Methods: In this randomized, double-blind clinical trial, 46 patients (18 to 70 years old) who were candidates for thoracotomy surgery were randomly assigned to receive ropivacaine alone or combined with dexmedetomidine after epidural anesthesia as postoperative epidural anesthesia.

Effectiveness of mouthwashes on reducing SARS-CoV-2 viral load in oral cavity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The risk of SARS-COV-2 transmission is relatively high during dental procedures. A study was conducted to investigate the effects of mouthwashes on SARS-COV-2 viral load reduction in the oral cavity.

Methods: A systematic search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane library for relevant studies up to 20 July, 2022.