[Nutrigenetics: potentials and applications in cardiovascular diseases and associated risk factors].

Introduction: From nutrigenetics, the genetic variation to dietary response, it is possible to understand and modulate the clinical response conditioned by the genotype by the diet.

Objetive: to explore the bibliographic evidence on the potential of nutrigenetics in the approach and treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and associated risk factors.

Materials And Methods: a systematic search was carried out in the electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE and Google Scholar.

Molecular Basis of the Beneficial Actions of Resveratrol.

Resveratrol modulates the transcription factor NF-κB, cytochrome P450 isoenzyme CYP1A1, expression and activity of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, Fas/Fas ligand mediated apoptosis, p53, mTOR and cyclins and various phospho-diesterases resulting in an increase in cytosolic cAMP levels. Cyclic AMP, in turn, activates Epac1/CaMKKβ/AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway that facilitates increased oxidation of fatty acids, mitochondrial respiration and their biogenesis and gluconeogenesis. Resveratrol triggers apoptosis of activated T cells and suppresses tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-17 (IL-17) and other pro-inflammatory molecules and inhibits expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) that may explain its anti-inflammatory actions.

Associations between major dietary patterns and biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction in two urban midsized cities in Argentina.

Objective: We examined whether dietary patterns (DPS) are associated with endothelial dysfunction (ED) markers in an Argentinian population.

Research Methods & Procedures: The sample in this cross-sectional study was derived from 1,983 subjects from two mid-sized cities in Argentina who were involved in the CESCAS I Study. To define DP, a food-frequency questionnaire was applied.

Cooking methods and the formation of PhIP (2-Amino, 1-methyl, 6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b] pyridine) in the crust of the habitually consumed meat in Argentina.

Content of carcinogenic molecules like, 2-Amino, 1-methyl, 6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b] pyridine in meals is one of the main mutagenic substances formed during meat cooking, and it can be used as a dietary exposure marker. Our objective was to estimate the amount of PhIP consumed from habitual Argentinean diet, rich in red meats, comparing different cooking procedures and meat type. Samples (n = 240) of lean and fatty beef, chicken, pork, and fish were cooked using different methods: griddle, grill, sauté pan, and oven.

Beneficial action of resveratrol: How and why?

Flavonoid resveratrol modulates the transcription factor NF-κB; inhibits the cytochrome P450 isoenzyme CYP1 A1; suppresses the expression and activity of cyclooxygenase enzymes; and modulates Fas/Fas-ligand-mediated apoptosis, p53, mammalian target of rapamycin, and cyclins and various phosphodiesterases. This increases the cytosolic cAMP that activates Epac1/CaMKKβ/AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway, which in turn facilitates increased oxidation of fatty acids, mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial respiration, and gluconeogenesis. Resveratrol triggers apoptosis of activated T cells and suppresses tumor necrosis factor-α, interluekin-17 (IL-17), and other proinflammatory molecules, and thus is of benefit in autoimmune diseases.

Polyunsaturated fatty acids and gliomas: a critical review of experimental, clinical, and epidemiologic data.

Certain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) called essential fatty acids (EFAs) cannot be biosynthesized by the body and hence, need to be obtained from diet. These PUFAs and their metabolites have multiple physiological functions that are altered in tumor cells due to a decreased expression of Δdelta-6-desaturase, which is an essential step in their metabolism. As a result, tumor cells would be protected from the toxic effect caused by free radicals, one product of EFA metabolism.

Dietary patterns and risk of urinary tract tumors: a multilevel analysis of individuals in rural and urban contexts.

Introduction: Bladder cancer is the fourth most frequently diagnosed malignancy in males in Córdoba, Argentina. The evidence regarding an association between urinary tract tumors and dietary factors still remains controversial. Argentina has particular dietary habits, which have already been associated with cancer occurrence.

Dietary habits and prostate cancer prevention: a review of observational studies by focusing on South America.

There exist several works considering the association between diet and prostate cancer (PC) risk, but the issue is largely unsettled. This article systematically reviews the epidemiological studies on diet and risk of PC focusing on those carried out in countries of South America. There is some suggestion that dairy products, red meat, processed meat, α-linolenic fatty acids, as well as dietary patterns characterized by higher intakes of red and processed meat, eggs, and grains may play some role in the development of PC.

Basic aspects of tumor cell fatty acid-regulated signaling and transcription factors.

This article reviews the current knowledge and experimental research about the mechanisms by which fatty acids and their derivatives control specific gene expression involved during carcinogenesis. Changes in dietary fatty acids, specifically the polyunsaturated fatty acids of the ω-3 and ω-6 families and some derived eicosanoids from lipoxygenases, cyclooxygenases, and cytochrome P-450, seem to control the activity of transcription factor families involved in cancer cell proliferation or cell death. Their regulation may be carried out either through direct binding to DNA as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors or via modulation in an indirect manner of signaling pathway molecules (e.

L-arginine, NO and asymmetrical dimethylarginine in hypertension and type 2 diabetes.

Both hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus are common and there are no reliable markers either to predict their development or complications. High fat diet and carbohydrate-rich diet enhance serum asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels, an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis. ADMA levels are elevated in patients with hypertension, poor control of hyperglycemia, diabetic microangiopathy and macroangiopathy and dyslipidemia.

Is insulin resistance a disorder of the brain?

There is reasonable evidence to suggest that insulin resistance may have its origins in the hypothalamus. Insulin secretion is regulated by sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems and modulates the concentrations of hypothalamic neuropeptides and monoaminergic neurotransmitters, and, in return, hypothalamic monoamines regulate the secretion of insulin by pancreatic beta cells. A lesion of the ventromedial hypothalamus produces all the features of the metabolic syndrome including insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia.

Cancer mortality in Córdoba, Argentina, 1986-2006: an age-period-cohort analysis.

Aims And Background: Cancer is the second main cause of death in Argentina, surpassed only by cardiovascular disease. However, analytical approaches isolating some of the known effects, such as age at death, period of death and birth cohort, have never been performed in cancer mortality studies in Argentina. The aim of this study was to analyze cancer mortality trends in a representative region of the country, the Córdoba province (1986-2006).

Role of PUFAs, the precursors of endocannabinoids, in human obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) serve as precursors of the endocannabinoids (ECs) that are bioactive lipids molecules. Recent studies revealed that ECs participate in several physiological and pathological processes including obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Here we review the experimental and clinical aspects of the role of endocannabinoids in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus and the modification of the endocannabinoids by exogenously administered PUFAs.

Colorectal cancer mortality trends in Córdoba, Argentina.

Background: Colorectal cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide for men and women, and one of the most commonly diagnosed in Córdoba, Argentina. The aim of this work was to provide an up-to-date approach to descriptive epidemiology of colorectal cancer in Córdoba throughout the estimation of mortality trends in the period 1986-2006, using Joinpoint and age-period-cohort (APC) models.

Methods: Age-standardized (world population) mortality rates (ASMR), overall and truncated (35-64 years), were calculated and Joinpoint regression performed to compute the estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC).