Low Preoperative Prolactin Levels Predict Non-Organ Confined Prostate Cancer in Clinically Localized Disease.

Introduction: To evaluate the association between preoperative serum prolactin (PRL) levels and risk of non-organ confined prostate cancer (PCa) in clinically localized disease.

Materials And Methods: From December 2007 to December 2011, 124 patients with clinically localized PCa were retrospectively evaluated. Non-organ confined disease in the surgical specimen was defined according to extra-capsular extension, seminal vesicle invasion, positive surgical margins, and lymph node invasion.

The preoperative serum ratio of total prostate specific antigen (PSA) to free testosterone (FT), PSA/FT index ratio, and prostate cancer. Results in 220 patients undergoing radical prostatectomy.

Objectives: To evaluate associations of preoperative total prostate specific antigen (PSA) to free testosterone (FT), the PSA/FT index ratio, with features of pathology prostate cancer (PCA) and to investigate its prognostic potential in clustering the PCA population.

Patients And Methods: After excluding criteria, the records of 220 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) were retrospectively reviewed. Serum samples of PSA, total testosterone (TT) and FT were collected at 8.

Prostate cancer volume associates with preoperative plasma levels of testosterone that independently predicts high grade tumours which show low densities (quotient testosterone/tumour volume).

Objective: To investigate potential associations of preoperative total testosterone (TT) with tumor volume (TV) and grade of prostate cancer (PCa).

Methods: Patients who were under medications impacting on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-testis-prostate axis were excluded. TT was measured preoperatively at least 1 month after biopsies and TV was calculated on the removed prostate specimen.

Chronic inflammation of the prostate type IV with respect to risk of prostate cancer.

Background: Chronic inflammatory infiltrate (CII) might be involved in prostate cancer (PCA) and benign hyperplasia (BPH); however, its significance is controversial. Chronic inflammatory prostatitis type IV is the most common non cancer diagnosis in men undergoing biopsy because of suspected PCA.

Objective: To evaluate potential associations of coexistent CII and PCA in biopsy specimens after prostate assessment.

Associations of pretreatment serum total testosterone measurements with pathology-detected Gleason score cancer.

Background And Objective: Prostate cancer is an endocrine-dependent tumor which is still under-investigated for physiopathology factors related to its natural history. The association of pretreatment total testosterone (TT) serum levels with prostate cancer is still a controversial topic. The objective of this study was to investigate potential associations and functional relationships of preoperative TT serum level and pathology-detected Gleason score (pGS).

Serum total testosterone is a significant preoperative variable independently contributing to separating the prostate cancer population into prostatectomy Gleason score groups.

Aim: To investigate the potential of preoperative serum total testosterone (TT) in contributing to the definition of separate prostatectomy Gleason score (pGS) groups of the prostate cancer (PCa) population.

Materials And Methods: The data of 220 patients operated on for PCa were retrospectively reviewed. No patient had previously received 5α-reductase inhibitor, luteinizing hormone-releasing analogs or testosterone replacement treatment.

Along the pituitary-testis-prostate axis, serum total testosterone is a significant preoperative variable independently contributing to separating the prostate cancer population into prostatectomy Gleason score groups.

Aim: To investigate, along the pituitary- testis- prostate axis, the potential of preoperative serum TT in contributing to defining separate prostatectomy Gleason score (pGS) groups of the prostate cancer (PC) population.

Materials And Methods: The data of 126 patients operated on for PC were retrospectively reviewed. No patient had previously received 5α-reductase inhibitor, luteinizing hormone (LH)-releasing hormone analogs or testosterone replacement treatment.

Follicle-stimulating hormone and the pituitary-testicular-prostate axis at the time of initial diagnosis of prostate cancer and subsequent cluster selection of the patient population undergoing standard radical prostatectomy.

Aim: A preceding exploratory analysis has shown that follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) was significantly correlated to and predicted by prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in a prostate cancer population. The aim of the study was to evaluate FSH physiopathology along the pituitary-testicular-prostate (PTP) axis at the time of initial diagnosis of prostate cancer in an operated population clustered according to the FSH/PSA ratio.

Patients And Methods: The study included 93 patients who underwent standard radical prostatectomy.

Investigative clinical study on prostate cancer part IX and X: estradiol and the pituitary-testicular-prostate axis at the time of initial diagnosis and subsequent cluster selection of the patient population after radical prostatectomy.

Aim: To evaluate estradiol (E(2)) physiopathology along the pituitary-testicular-prostate axis at the time of initial diagnosis of prostate cancer (PC) and subsequent cluster selection of the patient population.

Patients And Methods: Records of the diagnosed (n=105) and operated (n=91) patients were retrospectively reviewed. Age, percentage of positive cores at-biopsy (P+), biopsy Gleason score (bGS), E(2), prolactin (PRL), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), total testosterone (TT), free-testosterone (FT), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), pathology Gleason score (pGS), estimated tumor volume in relation to percentage of prostate volume (V+), overall prostate weight (Wi), clinical stage (cT), biopsy Gleason pattern (bGP) and pathology stage (pT), were the investigated variables.

Investigative clinical study on prostate cancer part VIII: prolactin hormone and the pituitary-testicular-prostate axis at the time of initial diagnosis and subsequent cluster selection of the patient population after radical prostatectomy.

Aim: To evaluate the prolactin hormone (PRL) physiopathology along the pituitary testicular prostate axis at the time of initial diagnosis of prostate cancer and the subsequent cluster selection of the patient population after radical prostatectomy in relation to clinical and pathological variables.

Patients And Methods: Ninety-two operated prostate cancer patients were retrospectively reviewed. No patient had previously received hormonal treatment.

Investigative clinical study on prostate cancer part VI: Follicle-stimulating hormone and the pituitary-testicular-prostate axis at the time of initial diagnosis and subsequent cluster selection of the patient population.

Aim: To evaluate the physiopathology of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) along the pituitary-testicular-prostate axis at the time of initial diagnosis of prostate cancer in relation to the available clinical variables and to the subsequent cluster selection of the patient population.

Patients And Methods: The study included 98 patients who were diagnosed with prostate cancer. Age, percentages of positive cores (P+) at transrectal ultrasound scan biopsy, biopsy Gleason score (bGS), luteinizing hormone (LH), FSH, total testosterone, free testosterone (FT) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were the continuous clinical variables.

Investigative clinical study on prostate cancer part VII: prolactin and the pituitary-testis-prostate axis at the time of initial diagnosis and subsequent cluster selection of the patient population.

Aim: To evaluate prolactin (PRL) physiopathology along the pituitary-testis-prostate axis at the time of initial diagnosis of prostate cancer in relation to the available clinical variables and to the subsequent cluster selection of the patient population.

Patients And Methods: The study involved 100 individuals diagnosed with prostate cancer. Age, percentage of positive cores at transrectal ultrasound scan biopsy (P+), biopsy Gleason score (BGS), PRL, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were the continuous clinical variables.

Investigative clinical study on prostate cancer part IV: exploring functional relationships of total testosterone predicting free testosterone and total prostate-specific antigen in operated prostate cancer patients.

Objectives: To explore, in operated prostate cancer patients, functional relationships of total testosterone (tt) predicting free testosterone (ft) and total PSA.

Patients And Methods: 128 operated prostate cancer patients were simultaneously investigated for tt, ft and PSA before surgery. Patients were not receiving 5α-reductase inhibitors, LH-releasing hormone analogues and testosterone replacement treatment.

Investigative clinical study on prostate cancer Part V: Luteinizing hormone and the pituitary-testicular-prostate axis at the time of initial diagnosis and subsequent cluster selection of the patient population.

Aim: To evaluate Luteinizing hormone (LH) physiopathology along the pituitary testicular prostate axis at the time of initial diagnosis of prostate cancer in relation to the available clinical variables and to the subsequent cluster selection of the patient population.

Patients And Methods: Age, percentages of positive cores at Trans Rectal Ultrasound Scan Biopsy (TRUSB) (P+), biopsy Gleason score (bGS), LH, Total Testosterone (TT), Free Testosterone (FT) and Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) were the continuous clinical variables. All patients had histologically proven carcinoma of the prostate and had not previously received 5α-reductase inhibitors, LH-releasing hormone analogues or testosterone replacement treatment.

Investigative clinical study on prostate cancer part III: exploring total PSA and free testosterone distributions and linear correlations in groups and subgroups of operated prostate cancer patients according to the total PSA/FT ratio.

Objectives: Prostate cancer is an interesting tumor for endocrine investigation. The prostate-specific antigen/free testosterone (PSA/FT) ratio has been shown to be effective in clustering patients in prognostic groups as follows: low risk (PSA/FT ≤0.20), intermediate risk (PSA/FT >0.

Investigative clinical study on prostate cancer part II: on the role of the pretreatment total PSA to free testosterone ratio as a marker assessing prostate cancer prognostic groups after radical retropubic prostatectomy.

Objectives: To explore the significance of the pretreatment total prostate-specific antigen (PSA) to free testosterone (FT) ratio (PSA/FT) as a marker for assessing the pathologic Gleason sum (pGS) and levels of tumor extension (pT) in prostatectomy specimens.

Patients And Methods: 128 of 135 consecutive patients diagnosed with prostate cancer underwent radical prostatectomy. Simultaneous pretreatment serum samples were obtained to measure serum total testosterone, FT and total PSA levels.

Investigative clinical study on prostate cancer: on the role of the pretreatment total PSA to free testosterone ratio in selecting different biology groups of prostate cancer patients.

Objectives: To show that prostate cancer biology is related to serum levels of both free testosterone (FT) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA), that PSA level is linearly related to FT and that the PSA to FT ratio may be considered as the growth rate parameter expressing cancer phenotype biology.

Materials And Methods: The study includes 135 consecutive patients diagnosed with prostate cancer. Pretreatment simultaneous serum samples for analyzing total testosterone (TT), FT and total PSA levels were obtained.