Anatomical comparison among the anterolateral thigh, the parascapular, and the lateral arm flaps.

Objective: This study aims to compare the major anatomical aspects among anterolateral thigh, parascapular and lateral arm flaps.

Methods: Sixty flaps were dissected in 20 human cadavers, comparing their vascular pedicle length, flap thickness and arterial/venous pedicle diameters.

Results: The vascular pedicle length (from the origin of the vascular pedicle to its entry into the skin flap) of anterolateral thigh flap (13.

Interatrial sulcus opening during multiple grafts harvesting for heart and lung transplantation: anatomical study.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of the interatrial sulcus opening regarding of left atrium gain when harvesting heart and lungs for transplantation.

Methods: It was evaluated the left atrium dimension, from the right mediastinal side, after the interatrial sulcus dissection in fifty human cadaver. The interatrial sulcus gain was related with gender, age and ethnic group.

Galeal flap based on superficial temporal vessels for oral cavity and pharynx reconstruction--an anatomical study.

Purpose: Despite the advances in microvascular free tissue transfer for intraoral reconstruction, this surgery is not recommended for all patients. In specific cases, the pedicled temporoparietal galeal flap may be an option for reconstructive procedures in the head and neck regions. The objective of this paper is to present the anatomical aspects of a galeal flap based on the superficial temporal vessels and to test its potential for reconstructing diverse sites of the oral cavity and pharynx.

Endoscopic anatomy of the pterygopalatine fossa and the transpterygoid approach: development of a surgical instruction model.

Introduction: The pterygopalatine fossa (PPF) is a narrow space located between the posterior wall of the antrum and the pterygoid plates. Surgical access to the PPF is difficult because of its protected position and its complex neurovascular anatomy. Endonasal approaches using rod lens endoscopes, however, provide better visualization of this area and are associated with less morbidity than external approaches.

The suprapetrosal craniotomy.

Objective: The primary aim of this study was to establish standard sites for bur holes that maintain constant anatomical relationships with the skull base and neural structures and can serve as the basal aspect of supratentorial temporooccipital craniotomies.

Methods: To determine cranial-cerebral relationships, the authors created bur holes in 16 adult cadaveric skulls. Three bur holes were made on each side of the skulls (32 cerebral hemispheres).

Surgical anatomy of microneurosurgical sulcal key points.

Objective: The brain sulci constitute the main microanatomic delimiting landmarks and surgical corridors of modern microneurosurgery. Because of the frequent difficulty in intraoperatively localizing and visually identifying the brain sulci with assurance, the main purpose of this study was to establish cortical/sulcal key points of primary microneurosurgical importance to provide a sulcal anatomic framework for the placement of craniotomies and to facilitate the main sulci intraoperative identification.

Methods: The study was performed through the evaluation of 32 formalin-fixed cerebral hemispheres of 16 adult cadavers, which had been removed from the skulls after the introduction of plastic catheters through properly positioned burr holes necessary for the evaluation of cranial-cerebral relationships.

[Anatomical references in auditory brainstem implant surgery].

uditory brainstem implant (ABI) is an option for deaf patients who do not have the whole auditory pathways preserved. The surgery, because of its anatomical and functional complexity, requires specific training of the surgeon in an anatomy lab. : To study the surgical anatomy of the auditory brainstem implant surgery.

Aging of the elastic and collagen fibers in the human cervical interspinous ligaments.

Background Context: The ligaments consist of collagen bands intermingled with elastic fibers that support hundreds of pounds of stress per square inch. In the spine the basic functional unit comprises vertebrae, intervertebral disc and ligament tissues. The interspinous ligaments with the function of limiting the spine flexion are exposed to a traumatic and degenerative process that promotes pain or instability.

The Stoppa procedure in inguinal hernia repair: to drain or not to drain.

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the benefits of drainage in the Stoppa procedure for inguinal repair.

Patients And Methods: The use of a suction drain was randomized at the end of the surgical intervention in 26 male patients undergoing inguinal hernia repair, divided into 2 groups: Group A, 12 patients undergoing drainage, and group B, 14 patients not undergoing drainage. On the second postoperative day, all patients underwent abdominal pelvic computed tomography scan examination to detect the presence of abdominal fluid collection.

Surgical anatomy of the extralaryngeal aspect of the superior laryngeal nerve.

Objectives: To describe the topography of the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) and to evaluate the influence of gender, ethnicity, side of the neck, and individual height on the topography of the SLN.

Design: Anatomical study of human cadavers.

Subjects: Fifty fresh human cadavers (19 female subjects and 31 male subjects; age range, 22-89 years; mean age, 61 years) were randomly selected for this study.

Prenatal tracheal ligation or intra-amniotic administration of surfactant or dexamethasone prevents some structural changes in the pulmonary arteries of surgically created diaphragmatic hernia in rabbits.

Purpose: Characterization of the structural changes occurring in the pulmonary arteries resulting from surgically produced congenital diaphragmatic hernia in rabbits, with particular emphasis on the preventive effects of prenatal tracheal ligation or administration of intra-amniotic dexamethasone or surfactant.

Methods: Twenty rabbit fetuses underwent surgical creation of a left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia on the 24th or 25th gestational day. They were divided according to the following procedures: congenital diaphragmatic hernia (n = 5), congenital diaphragmatic hernia plus tracheal ligation (n = 5), congenital diaphragmatic hernia plus intra-amniotic administration of dexamethasone 0.