SARS-CoV-2 multi-antigen protein microarray for detailed characterization of antibody responses in COVID-19 patients.

Antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) target multiple epitopes on different domains of the spike protein, and other SARS-CoV-2 proteins. We developed a SARS-CoV-2 multi-antigen protein microarray with the nucleocapsid, spike and its domains (S1, S2), and variants with single (D614G, E484K, N501Y) or double substitutions (N501Y/Deletion69/70), allowing a more detailed high-throughput analysis of the antibody repertoire following infection. The assay was demonstrated to be reliable and comparable to ELISA.

High-throughput library screening identifies two novel NQO1 inducers in human lung cells.

Many phytochemicals possess antioxidant and cancer-preventive properties, some putatively through antioxidant response element-mediated phase II metabolism, entailing mutagen/oxidant quenching. In our recent studies, however, most candidate phytochemical agents were not potent in inducing phase II genes in normal human lung cells. In this study, we applied a messenger RNA (mRNA)-specific gene expression-based high throughput in vitro screening approach to discover new, potent plant-derived phase II inducing chemopreventive agents.

Hits and misses from gene expression ratio measurements in cDNA microarray studies.

DNA microarray users face many challenges to obtain accurate results, including complex technical errors, natural variability of biological systems, imperfect reproducibility of reference standards, and difficulties in acquisition and processing of large amounts of data. Therefore, investigators should be aware of potential sources of variability and account for them in the experimental design and execution. This work reports our experience in identifying factors that alter the reliability of the results and in diminishing effects of these factors.