Visual Loss after Scoliosis Surgery: What Do Surgeons and Patients Need to Know? Three Case Reports.

Visual deficit after spinal surgery is rare but tragic. The main causes include external eye injury, cortical blindness, central retinal artery occlusion, and ischemic optic neuropathy. In scoliosis surgery, this complication potentially arises from prolonged surgical time, high blood loss, prone position, hydroelectrolytic imbalance, and cerebrospinal fluid loss.

Erythropoietin to Treat Spinal Cord Injury: Evaluation of Different Doses and Magnitudes of Trauma in Rats.

Study Design: Experimental spinal cord lesion study.

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of erythropoietin at different doses on neural regeneration in rats undergoing spinal cord injury.

Methods: Anesthetized Wistar rats were submitted to standardized spinal cord injury and randomized into eight groups, receiving different magnitudes of trauma and single or repeated doses of intraperitoneal erythropoietin (500 or 5000 IU/kg of body weight).

The role of cervical pedicle screw in cervical spine trauma: A single-center retrospective study.

Placement of pedicle screw in the subaxial cervical spine is a challenging and complex technique but provides significant biomechanical advantages. Despite its potential complications, the role and use of cervical pedicle screw (CPS) are growing. A literature review of the significant articles on applying pedicle screws in the subaxial cervical spine was done (articles between 1994 and 2020).

Three-dimensional biomodel use in the surgical management of basilar invagination with congenital cervical scoliosis; correction by unilateral C1-C2 facet distraction.

Biomodels are produced using three-dimensional printers and their use in complex spine surgeries can be quite helpful, especially when complex anatomy is faced. In this case report, we presented a 14-year-old patient who had rigid congenital cervical scoliosis and basilar invagination and abnormalities on a neurological examination. This patient underwent atlantoaxial facet distraction and C1 C2 fusion while using a biomodel of his craniocervical junction in pre-operative planning and also as an anatomical reference per-operatively.

A novel classification and algorithmic-based management of craniovertebral junction osteoarthrosis.

Introduction: The objective of this study is to propose a novel classification and algorithmic-based management plan for craniovertebral junction osteoarthrosis (CVJOA).

Materials And Methods: A retrospective study was done based on prospective database of radiological studies and clinical history. Twenty symptomatic patients (12 females and 8 males) with a mean age of 54.

Evaluation of the effects of erythropoietin and interleukin-6 in rats submitted to acute spinal cord injury.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and erythropoietin (EPO) in experimental acute spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats.

Methods: Using standardized equipment, namely, a New York University (NYU) Impactor, a SCI was produced in 50 Wistar rats using a 10-g weight drop from a 12.5-mm height.

Use of tranexamic acid for controlling bleeding in thoracolumbar scoliosis surgery with posterior instrumentation.

Objective: Scoliosis surgery involves major blood loss and frequently requires blood transfusion. The cost and risks involved in using allogeneic blood have motivated investigation of methods capable of reducing patients' bleeding during operations. One of these methods is to use antifibrinolytic drugs, and tranexamic acid is among these.

Management of severe and rigid idiopathic scoliosis.

Frequently, severe idiopathic scoliosis patients are first seen in a spine centre after years of deformity evolution, presenting with large curves, severe rib hump, shoulder and trunk imbalance and cardiorespiratory complications related to neglected scoliosis. Severe rigid idiopathic scoliosis has <25% of correction on bending films and major curve over 90°. Adequate mobilization of this type of deformity is necessary to achieve maximal correction, often requiring more extensive surgical intervention, with care taken to avoid clinical and neurological complications.