Exploring Psychedelics Pharmacology: A Scoping Review Charting the Course of Psilocybin Pharmacokinetics.

Objectives: This scoping review aimed to synthesize the existing data about psilocybin pharmacokinetics to learn what has been described regarding body disposition and safety when psilocybin was used in controlled research settings.

Methods: We performed a scoping literature review following the framework proposed by the JBI manual for evidence synthesis. Controlled clinical trials reporting pharmacokinetic data of psilocybin were considered appropriate for inclusion.

A case of mortality in a re-introduced European bison associated with severe pneumonia caused by Dictyocaulus viviparus.

Background: Dictyocaulosis is a parasitic disease caused by pulmonary nematodes from genus Dictyocaulus affecting various ungulate hosts. It can cause verminous bronchopneumonia and for heavily infected individuals, fatal outcomes can occur.

Case Presentation: The study describes the case of a male European bison which died three months after relocation from Slovakia to one of the reintroduction areas in Nucșoara village, Făgăraș Mountains, Romania.

Cooperative thalamocortical circuit mechanism for sensory prediction errors.

The brain functions as a prediction machine, utilizing an internal model of the world to anticipate sensations and the outcomes of our actions. Discrepancies between expected and actual events, referred to as prediction errors, are leveraged to update the internal model and guide our attention towards unexpected events. Despite the importance of prediction-error signals for various neural computations across the brain, surprisingly little is known about the neural circuit mechanisms responsible for their implementation.

Economic evaluation of the recent French tobacco control policy: a model-based approach.

Background: One in four French adults smoked daily in 2021, compared with one in six in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. To strengthen its tobacco control policy, in 2016, France has started implementing a policy package that includes a 3-year gradual price increase, plain packaging, an annual social marketing campaign promoting cessation and the reimbursement of nicotine replacement products. This study aims to evaluate the health and economic impact of this policy package.

Establishing an EU-wide front-of-pack nutrition label: Review of options and model-based evaluation.

This paper reviews the effectiveness of four types of front-of-pack nutrition labels (FoPLs) in influencing calorie purchases. The four FoPL types are poised for unified implementation across European countries. Further, this study extends its analysis to evaluate the impacts of the voluntary adoption of these FoPLs within 27 EU nations.

Effectiveness and Safety of Postoperative Hospital at Home for Surgical Patients: A Cohort Study.

Objective: To determine the feasibility and effectiveness of a Hospital at Home (HaH) enabled early transfer pathways for surgical patients.

Background: HaH serves as a safe alternative to traditional hospitalization by providing acute care to patients in their homes through a comprehensive range of hospital-level interventions. To our knowledge, no studies have been published to date reporting a large cohort of early home-transferred patients after surgery through a HaH unit.

Design and Usability of an Avatar-Based Learning Program to Support Diabetes Education: Quality Improvement Study in Colombia.

Background: This quality improvement study, entitled Avatar-Based LEarning for Diabetes Optimal Control (ABLEDOC), explored the feasibility of delivering an educational program to people with diabetes in Colombia. The aim was to discover how this approach could be used to improve awareness and understanding of the condition, the effects of treatment, and strategies for effective management of blood-glucose control.

Methods: Individuals with diabetes were recruited by Colombian endocrinologists to a human-centered study to codesign the educational program, using the Double Diamond model.

Novel cells integrated biosensor based on superoxide dismutase on electrospun fiber scaffolds for the electrochemical screening of cellular stress.

A novel electrochemical biosensor was developed to monitor fibroblast cells stress levels for the first time in situ under external stimuli based on the recognition of superoxide anion released upon cell damage. The biosensor comprised metallized polycaprolactone electrospun fibers covered with zinc oxide for improved cell adhesion and signal transduction, whilst stable bioconjugates of mercaptobenzoic acid-functionalized gold nanoparticles/superoxide dismutase were employed as recognition bioelements. Biosensors were first tested and optimized for in situ generated superoxide detection by fixed potential amperometry at +0.

Efficacy of the mHealth application in patients with type 2 diabetes transitioning from inpatient to outpatient care: A randomized controlled clinical trial.

Introduction: No studies have assessed the efficacy of telemedicine using a platform for recording and adjusting insulin doses in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) transitioning from inpatient to outpatient care. This study aimed to assess, in a population of patients with DM2, discharged from a tertiary referral hospital, whether treatment based on the use of an mHealth application was associated with better glycemic control at the 3-month follow-up, than standard care.

Methods: This open, randomized, controlled clinical trial included adult DM2 patients who were transitioning from inpatient to outpatient care.

Effects of everolimus plus minimized tacrolimus on kidney function in liver transplantation: REDUCE, a prospective, randomized controlled study.

Background And Aim: reduction in calcineurin inhibitor levels is considered crucial to decrease the incidence of kidney dysfunction in liver transplant (LT) recipients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and impact of everolimus plus reduced tacrolimus (EVR + rTAC) vs. mycophenolate mofetil plus tacrolimus (MMF + TAC) on kidney function in LT recipients from Spain.

Disposable superoxide dismutase biosensors based on gold covered polycaprolactone fibers for the detection of superoxide in cell culture media.

A novel and disposable biosensor based on superoxide dismutase (SOD) immobilized on gold metallized polycaprolactone electrospun polymeric fibers (PCl/Au) has been developed for the determination of superoxide (O) in cell culture media. SOD biosensors were constructed employing three immobilization methods: cross-linking with EDC/NHS at a cysteine self-assembled monolayer (PCl/Au/SOD), biopolymer encapsulation with chitosan (PCl/Au/SOD) and cross-linking with glutaraldehyde (PCl/Au/SOD). Scanning electron microscopy was performed at the three different biosensors to evaluate their surface morphologies.

Is a cloud-based platform useful for diabetes management in Colombia? The Tidepool experience.

Background: There are several medical devices used in Colombia for diabetes management, most of which have an associated telemedicine platform to access the data. In this work, we present the results of a pilot study evaluating the use of the Tidepool telemedicine platform for providing remote diabetes health services in Colombia across multiple devices.

Method: Individuals with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes using multiple diabetes devices were recruited to evaluate the user experience with Tidepool over three months.

Antibiotic resistance patterns of urinary tract pathogens in children from Central Romania.

One of the most frequent bacterial infections in children are urinary tract infections (UTIs). In recent years, an increasing incidence of UTIs caused by resistant bacterial strains has been observed, especially with extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae that represent about 15% of UTIs. A retrospective study was performed comprising 331 pediatric cases with UTI.

Application of systems biology-based in silico tools to optimize treatment strategy identification in Still's disease.

Background: Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) and adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) are manifestations of an autoinflammatory disorder with complex pathophysiology and significant morbidity, together also termed Still's disease. The objective of the current study is to set in silico models based on systems biology and investigate the optimal treat-to-target strategy for Still's disease as a proof-of-concept of the modeling approach.

Methods: Molecular characteristics of Still's disease and data on biological inhibitors of interleukin (IL)-1 (anakinra, canakinumab), IL-6 (tocilizumab, sarilumab), and glucocorticoids as well as conventional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs, methotrexate) were used to construct in silico mechanisms of action (MoA) models by means of Therapeutic Performance Mapping System (TPMS) technology.

Resource Management Techniques for Cloud/Fog and Edge Computing: An Evaluation Framework and Classification.

Processing IoT applications directly in the cloud may not be the most efficient solution for each IoT scenario, especially for time-sensitive applications. A promising alternative is to use fog and edge computing, which address the issue of managing the large data bandwidth needed by end devices. These paradigms impose to process the large amounts of generated data close to the data sources rather than in the cloud.

Perspectives of gold nanoparticles and their applications in pancreatic cancer (Review).

Nanoparticles (NPs) represent a major point of interest in the scientific field, with an increasing number of studies revealing promising results. Nano-oncology is a relatively new area of research that continues to expand, revealing new perspectives in both diagnosing and treating cancer. Treating pancreatic cancer (PC) remains a major challenge, with modest positive results, thus an increasing number of studies have focused on this disease.

Tackling the cancer burden: the economic impact of primary prevention policies.

Cancer is a noncommunicable disease (NCD) with increasing incidence and therefore constitutes a major public health issue. To reduce the health and economic burden of cancer, policy-makers across the world have implemented a range of preventative interventions targeting risk factors with a known link to the disease. In this article, we examine the impact of six primary prevention interventions - related to physical inactivity, unhealthy diet or harmful alcohol use - on cancer-related health outcomes and healthcare expenditure.

Promoting sport and physical activity in Italy: a cost-effectiveness analysis of seven innovative public health policies.

Background: Inactive lifestyles are a key risk factor underpinning the development of many chronic diseases, yet more than half of the Italian population does not meet WHO thresholds for at least moderate physical activity. This study aims to make the economic case to upscale investments in policy actions to promote exercise and physical activity.

Study Design: Modelling-based cost-effectiveness analysis in Italy.

Temporal case-based reasoning for type 1 diabetes mellitus bolus insulin decision support.

Individuals with type 1 diabetes have to monitor their blood glucose levels, determine the quantity of insulin required to achieve optimal glycaemic control and administer it themselves subcutaneously, multiple times per day. To help with this process bolus calculators have been developed that suggest the appropriate dose. However these calculators do not automatically adapt to the specific circumstances of an individual and require fine-tuning of parameters, a process that often requires the input of an expert.

Comparison of Two Intensive Bowel Cleansing Regimens in Patients With Previous Poor Bowel Preparation: A Randomized Controlled Study.

Objectives: Inadequate bowel cleansing is a major burden for endoscopy units. The aim of this study was to compare two intensive bowel cleansing regimens in patients with previous colonoscopy with inadequate bowel preparation.

Methods: Patients with inadequate cleansing at index colonoscopy were randomized to 4-L split-dose polyethylene-glycol (PEG) regimen vs.

Toward a clinical practice guide in pharmacogenomics testing for functional polymorphisms of drug-metabolizing enzymes. Gene/drug pairs and barriers perceived in Spain.

The development of clinical practice recommendations or guidelines for the clinical use of biomarkers is an issue of great importance with regard to adverse drug reactions. The potential of pharmacogenomic biomarkers has been extensively investigated in recent years. However, several barriers to implementing the use of pharmacogenomics testing exist.