Updates in the Role of Checkpoint Inhibitor Immunotherapy in Classical Hodgkin's Lymphoma.

Classical Hodgkin's lymphoma is a highly curable disease, but 10-25% of patients with higher-risk disease relapse. The introduction of checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) targeting PD-1 have changed the landscape of treatment for patients with relapsed/refractory disease to multiple lines of therapy. The depth of response to CPI as a monotherapy is highest in the first relapse as salvage therapy based on outcomes reported in several phase II studies.

Differences in Epstein-Barr Virus Characteristics and Viral-Related Microenvironment Could Be Responsible for Lymphomagenesis in Children.

Unlabelled: In Argentina, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) presence is associated with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) in patients younger than 10 years, suggesting a relationship between low age of EBV infection and HL. Given that HL is derived from germinal centers (GC), our aim was to compare EBV protein expression and microenvironment markers between pediatric HL patients and EBV+GC in children.

Methods: EBV presence and immune cell markers were assessed by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry (IHC).

The interplay between local immune response and Epstein-Barr virus-infected tonsillar cells could lead to viral infection control.

Epstein Barr virus (EBV) gains access to the host through tonsillar crypts. Our aim was to characterize microenvironment composition around EBV+ cells in tonsils from pediatric carriers, to disclose its role on viral pathogenesis. LMP1 expression, assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC), was used to discriminate EBV + and - zones in 41 tonsil biopsies.

Cytotoxic response against Epstein Barr virus coexists with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma tolerogenic microenvironment: clinical features and survival impact.

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is present in neoplastic cells of 15% of Asian and Latin-American diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients. Even though a tolerogenic microenvironment was recently described in DLBCL, little is known concerning immunomodulatory features induced by EBV. As suggested in Hodgkin lymphoma, EBV-specific cytotoxic T-cells are increased but showing immune exhaustion features.

Epstein-Barr virus lytic cycle involvement in diffuse large B cell lymphoma.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-mediated B cell transformation is achieved predominantly through the action of latent proteins, but recent evidence suggests that lytic EBV replication has also a certain pathogenic role in lymphomagenesis, at least in the early phases of cell transformation. Particularly, in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the EBV lytic cycle is by and large unexplored, so to disclose lytic cell contribution to lymphomagenesis, our aim was to evaluate viral early and late lytic gene expression in relation to several immune response markers in a series of EBV+ DLBCL from Argentina. An unexpected number of cells expressed lytic transcripts, being transcribed at the BZLF1, BHRF1, and BLLF1 locus, by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

Analysis of Epstein-Barr virus infection models in a series of pediatric carriers from a developing country.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a B lymphotropic human herpesvirus. Two models, germinal center (GC) and direct infection, describe how EBV infects B-cells. Since in Argentina primary infection is mostly subclinical at young ages, children represent an interesting population where to analyze EBV infection, especially considering that most studies are usually performed in adults.