Mevalonic Aciduria in a Pediatric Patient: A Case Report and Literature Review of Neuroimaging Findings.

Mevalonic aciduria is a rare autosomal recessive disorder resulting from mevalonate kinase deficiency. Neuroimaging findings associated with the disease have been documented in only a few case reports. We present a case of mevalonic aciduria with both already reported and novel neuroimaging findings and conduct a literature review regarding the role of neuroimaging in the understanding and diagnosis of mevalonate kinase deficiency disorders.

Magnetic resonance imaging of the cranial nerves in infectious, neoplastic, and demyelinating diseases, as well as other inflammatory diseases: a pictorial essay.

The cranial nerves, which represent extensions of the functional structures of the brain, traverse the head and neck. They are connected to various cranial structures and are associated with several diseases. An in-depth understanding of their complex anatomy and normal imaging appearance allows the examiner to identify and characterize abnormalities with greater precision.

Magnetic resonance imaging of the cranial nerves in congenital, traumatic, and vascular diseases: a pictorial essay.

The cranial nerves, which represent extensions of the functional structures of the brain, traverse the head and neck. They are connected to various cranial structures and are associated with several diseases. An in-depth understanding of their complex anatomy and normal imaging appearance allows the examiner to identify and characterize abnormalities with greater precision.

Spectrum of central nervous system involvement in rheumatic diseases: pictorial essay.

The rheumatic diseases, which include systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, Behçet's disease, scleroderma, and ankylosing spondylitis, are characterized by involvement of connective tissue, with multiple manifestations. In those diseases, there can be involvement of the peripheral or central nervous system, and that involvement can be primary, presenting as a major feature of the clinical presentation, or secondary, as an effect of the drugs used in order to control a given disease or its complications. Knowledge of the wide variety of imaging findings is crucial to the diagnosis of a rheumatic disease, especially in the early stages, enabling effective treatment and minimizing disability.

Imaging findings and cerebral perfusion in arterial ischemic stroke due to transient cerebral arteriopathy in children.

We report the case of a 4-year-old female child who developed an arterial ischemic stroke in the left middle cerebral artery territory, due to a proximal stenosis of the supraclinoid internal carotid artery, most probably related to transient cerebral arteriopathy of childhood. Computed tomography scan, magnetic resonance imaging, perfusion magnetic resonance and magnetic resonance angiography are presented, as well as follow-up by magnetic resonance and magnetic resonance angiography exams. Changes in cerebral perfusion and diffusion-perfusion mismatch call attention.