Evaluation of Camellia oleifera seed saponins degradation in rice fields by UPLC-MS/MS method.

Freshwater snails of the genus Pomacea, have been introduced worldwide with well-documented ecological and economic impacts. In rice, a crucial crop for global food security, apple snails have become a major pest. Chemical molluscicides, the most effective method of control, raise concerns due to their ecotoxicity.

Experimental Characterization of the Isomer-Selective Generation of the Astrochemically Relevant Hydroxymethylene Radical Cation (HCOH/DCOH).

Interest in the observation and characterization of organic isomers in astronomical environments has grown rapidly with an increase in the sensitivity of detection techniques. Accurate modeling and interpretation of these environments require experimental isomer-specific reactivity and spectroscopic measurements. Given the abundance of formaldehyde (HCO) in various astrophysical objects, the properties and reactivities of its cation isomers HCO and HCOH are of significant interest.

Sulfur-oxidizing symbionts colonize the digestive tract of their lucinid hosts.

Like many marine invertebrates, marine lucinid clams have an intimate relationship with beneficial sulfur-oxidizing bacteria located within specialized gill cells known as bacteriocytes. Most previous research has focused on the symbionts in the gills of these (and other) symbiotic bivalves, often assuming that the symbionts only persistently colonize the gills, at least in the adult stage. We used 16S rRNA gene sequencing and digital polymerase chain reaction with symbiont-specific primers targeting the soxB gene on the foot, mantle, visceral mass, and gills of the lucinid clam Loripes orbiculatus.

Combined experimental and computational study of the reactivity of the methanimine radical cation (HCNH˙) and its isomer aminomethylene (HCNH˙) with propene (CHCHCH).

The gas phase reactivity of the radical cation isomers HCNH˙ (methanimine) and HCNH˙ (aminomethylene) with propene (CHCHCH) has been investigated by measuring absolute reactive cross sections and product branching ratios, under single collision conditions, as a function of collision energy (in the range ∼0.07-11.80 eV) using guided ion beam mass spectrometry coupled with VUV photoionization for selective isomer generation.

Assessing methane emissions and soil carbon stocks in the Camargue coastal wetlands: Management implications for climate change regulation.

Coastal wetlands are crucial in climate change regulation due to their capacity to act as either sinks or sources of carbon, resulting from the balance between greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, mainly methane (CH), and soil carbon sequestration. Despite the paramount role of wetlands in climate regulation few studies investigate both aspects. The Camargue is one of the largest wetlands in Europe, yet the ways in which environmental and anthropic factors drive carbon dynamics remain poorly studied.

The role of intersystem crossing in the reactive collision of S+(4S) with H2.

We report a study on the reactive collision of S+(4S) with H2, HD, and D2 combining guided ion beam experiments and quantum-mechanical calculations. It is found that the reactive cross sections reflect the existence of two different mechanisms, one being spin-forbidden. Using different models, we demonstrate that the spin-forbidden pathway follows a complex mechanism involving three electronic states instead of two as previously thought.

An innovative method to identify structural change through ion-molecule collision, making use of Time-Of-Flight measurements and SIMION simulations.

Structural change of ions induced by collision with a neutral has been studied in a guided ion beam tandem mass spectrometer, using Time-Of-Flight measurements and SIMION simulation. The exothermic catalytic isomerization of HOC to HCO is used to explore the new methodology. Isomerization is catalyzed via a proton transport mechanism through the interplay of a neutral molecule, the catalyst.

Photoelectron spectrum of the pyridyl radical.

We report the photoelectron spectrum of the pyridyl radical (CHN), a species of interest in astrochemistry and combustion. The radicals were produced hydrogen abstraction in a fluorine discharge and ionized with synchrotron radiation. Mass-selected slow photoelectron spectra of the products were obtained from photoelectron-photoion coincidence spectra.

Reactivity of the Ethenium Cation (CH) with Ethyne (CH): A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study.

The gas-phase reaction between the ethyl cation (CH) and ethyne (CH) is re-investigated by measuring absolute reactive cross sections (CSs) and branching ratios (BRs) as a function of collision energy, in the thermal and hyperthermal energy range, via tandem-guided ion beam mass spectrometry under single collision conditions. Dissociative photoionization of CHBr using tuneable VUV radiation in the range 10.5-14.

New light on the imbroglio surrounding the CH isomers formed from ionized azulene and naphthalene using ion-molecule reactions.

Most polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can isomerize with internal energies near to or below the dissociation threshold. The CH group of ions, made up of the naphthalene (Naph) and the azulene (Azu) radical cations, is a prototypical example. CH isomers are important species in the growth kinetics and formation of complex organic molecules, and more generally fragments from larger PAHs, yet information about CH structures is scarce and contradictory.

HO˙ and OH reactivity furan: experimental low energy absolute cross sections for modeling radiation damage.

Radiotherapy is one of the most widespread and efficient strategies to fight malignant tumors. Despite its broad application, the mechanisms of radiation-DNA interaction are still under investigation. Theoretical models to predict the effects of a particular delivered dose are still in their infancy due to the difficulty of simulating a real cell environment, as well as the inclusion of a large variety of secondary processes.

Agricultural policies against invasive species generate contrasting outcomes for climate change mitigation and biodiversity conservation.

Direct consequences of biological invasions on biodiversity and the environment have been largely documented. Yet collateral indirect effects mediated by changes in agri-environmental policies aimed at combating invasions remain little explored. Here we assessed the effects of recent changes in water management in rice farming, which are aimed at buffering the impact of the invasive apple snail ( Lamarck) on greenhouse gas emissions and diversity of waterbird communities.

Monitoring the Light-induced Isomerisation of the Prototypical Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons C H through Ion-Molecule Reactions.

Structural rearrangements in ions are essential for understanding the composition and evolution of energetic and chemically active environments. This study explores the interconversion routes for simple polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, namely naphthalene and azulene radical cations (C H ), by combining mass spectrometry and vacuum ultraviolet tunable synchrotron radiation through the chemical monitoring technique. Products of ion-molecule reactions are used to probe C H structures that are formed as a function of their internal energies.

Extended methane mitigation capacity of a mid-season drainage beyond the rice growing season: a case in Spain.

Rice cultivation is a major source of methane (CH) emissions. Intermittent irrigation systems in rice cultivation, such as the mid-season drainage (MSD), are effective strategies to mitigate CH emissions during the growing season, though the reduction rates are variable and dependent on the crop context. Aeration periods induce alteration of soil CH dynamics that can be prolonged after flooding recovery.

A scoping review of education and training interventions in Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Objective: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a chronic neurodevelopmental disorder. Living with ASD requires that individuals and parents develop skills in order to cope with daily life. Education interventions are recommended to support them.

Self-reported needs of caregivers of people with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Objectives: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has a major impact on caregivers. We aimed to describe caregivers' perceptions concerning their level of knowledge about ASD and their needs to better adapt education and training programs.

Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted through a declarative and self-administered survey in France.

Structural Elucidation of C H Using Chemical Reaction Monitoring: Charge Transfer Versus Bond Forming Reactions.

Mass spectrometry is a powerful tool but when used on its own, without specific activation of ions, the ion mass is the single observable and the structural information is absent. One way of retrieving this information is by using ion-molecule reactions. We propose a general method to disentangle isomeric structures by combining mass spectrometry, tunable synchrotron light source, and quantum-chemistry calculations.

Study of the Reactivity of CHCOOH and COOH Ions with CHNH: Evidence of the Formation of New Peptide-like C(O)-N Bonds.

Acetamide, a small organic compound containing a peptide bond, was observed in the interstellar medium, but reaction pathways leading to the formation of this prebiotic molecule remain uncertain. We investigated the possible formation of a peptide-like bond from the reaction between acetic acid (CH-COOH) and methylamine (CH-NH) that were identified in the interstellar medium. From an experimental point of view, a quadrupole/octopole/quadrupole mass spectrometer was used in combination with synchrotron radiation as a tunable source of VUV photons for monitoring the reactivity of selected ions.

Evaluating adaptation options to sea level rise and benefits to agriculture: The Ebro Delta showcase.

Sea level rise (SLR) is threatening low-lying coastal areas such as river deltas. The Ebro river Delta (Spain) is representative of coastal systems particularly vulnerable to SLR due to significant sediment retention behind upstream dams (up to 99%), thereby dramatically reducing the capacity for deltaic sediment accretion. Rice production is the main economic activity, covering 66% of the delta area, and is negatively affected by SLR because of flooding and soil salinization.

Cyclodextrin polymers as passive sampling materials for lipophilic marine toxins in Prorocentrum lima cultures and a Dinophysis sacculus bloom in the NW Mediterranean Sea.

Cyclodextrins, cyclic oligomers that form a conical structure with an internal cavity, are proposed as new and sustainable materials for passive sampling of lipophilic marine toxins. Two applicability scenarios have been tested. First, disks containing β-cyclodextrin-hexamethylene diisocyanate (β-CD-HDI) and β-cyclodextrin-epichlorohydrin (β-CD-EPI) polymers were immersed in Prorocentrum lima cultures for different days (2, 12 and 40).

Rapid detection of ciguatoxins in Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa with immunosensing tools.

Consumption of seafood contaminated with ciguatoxins (CTXs) leads to a foodborne disease known as ciguatera. Primary producers of CTXs are epibenthic dinoflagellates of the genera Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa. In this study, thirteen Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa strains were cultured, harvested at exponential phase, and CTXs were extracted with an implemented rapid protocol.

Addressing the Analytical Challenges for the Detection of Ciguatoxins Using an Electrochemical Biosensor.

The importance of ciguatoxins (CTXs) in seafood safety and their emerging occurrence in locations far away from tropical areas highlight the need for simple and low-cost methods for the sensitive and rapid detection of these potent marine toxins to protect seafood consumers. Herein, an electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of CTXs is presented. A sandwich configuration is proposed, using magnetic beads (MBs) as immobilization supports for two capture antibodies, with their combination facilitating the detection of CTX1B, CTX3C, 54-deoxyCTX1B, and 51-hydroxyCTX3C.

Photoelectron spectroscopy of boron-containing reactive intermediates using synchrotron radiation: BH, BH, and BF.

Mass selected slow photoelectron spectra (SPES) of three boron-containing reactive species, BH, BH, and BF were recorded by double imaging photoion-photoelectron coincidence spectroscopy (iPEPICO) using synchrotron radiation. All species were generated in a flow reactor from the H-abstraction of BH by F atoms created in a F microwave discharge. The spectrum of BH exhibits a long bending mode progression with a 970 cm spacing due to the large geometry change from bent to linear upon ionization.