Identifying Zoonotic Parasites in Domiciled and Non-Domiciled Dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) Within an Urban Zone of the Eastern State of Mexico.

Background: There are over 42 million dogs in Mexico, with a significant population living on the streets, especially in the State of Mexico. These dogs can act as carriers of zoonotic pathogens, placing children and individuals with chronic diseases or immunodeficiencies at risk.

Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of zoonotic parasites in feral and domestic dogs in the urban area of the eastern State of Mexico and assess their potential impact on public health.

A Simple Fecal Flotation Method for Diagnosing Zoonotic Nematodes Under Field and Laboratory Conditions.

Diagnosis of canine parasites with zoonotic potential such as Toxocara canis and Ancylostoma caninum under field conditions is usually difficult due to limited access to a laboratory in rural and suburban areas in Mexico. This study aimed to detect T. canis and Ancylostoma spp.

In silico analysis of two Haemonchus spp. serine protease peptides (S28) and their immunomodulatory activity in vitro.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro immune modulation of two de novo peptides with hypothetical identity to the serine protease family (S28) from Haemonchus spp. Expression of mRNAs encoding these peptides was confirmed by RTqPCR in L and adult stage parasites. Antibodies from serum samples collected from an H.

Anti-Methanogenic Traits of Safflower Oil Compounds Against Methyl-Coenzyme M Reductase Receptor in Equines: An In Silico Docking Analysis.

Greenhouse gases emission from livestock is the major concern for the ecosystem. Despite the lower contribution of non-ruminants towards greenhouse gas emission as compared to the ruminants, the emission of methane (CH) gas from equines is expected to be increased in future due to its increasing population. Thus, it is essential to find or screen potential anti-methanogenic agent in a cost-effective and quicker manner.

Dietary Supplements of Vitamins E, C, and β-Carotene to Reduce Oxidative Stress in Horses: An Overview.

Oxidative stress is the excess generation of free radicals and/or a decrease in the response of the antioxidant system. It is known to cause damage to the equine health by unbalancing the stable molecules. The dietary supplementation of vitamins E, C, and β-carotene cause beneficial effect on horses' health.

Clinical and pathological examination of mycotoxicosis as an associated risk factor for colic in equine.

A retrospective cohort study was conducted on two Egyptian horse farms with most of horses were suffered from abdominal pain to describe the associations between the occurrence of mycotoxicosis and equine colic. The farms owner complain was an unexpected increase in number of colic cases and deaths among horses. The association between colic and risk factors (sex, type of food either dry or mixed with roughages and hematobiochemical parameters) was compared using independent sample T-test.

Prevalence and seasonal variation of in slaughtered cattle: the role of climate and environmental factors in Mexico.

The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of Fasciola hepatica infection in cattle slaughterhouses, as well as its association with climatic/environmental factors (derived from satellite data), seasonality and climate regions in two states in Mexico. Condemned livers from slaughtered animals were obtained from three abattoirs in the states of Puebla and Veracruz. The overall prevalence of the parasite in cattle between January and December of 2017 was 20.

Vaccination with cathepsin L phage-exposed mimotopes, single or in combination, reduce size, fluke burden, egg production and viability in sheep experimentally infected with Fasciola hepatica.

Fascioliasis is a worldwide emergent zoonotic disease that significantly constrains the productivity of livestock. In this study, fluke burdens, liver fluke size and biomass, faecal eggs counts, serum levels of hepatic enzymes and immune response were assessed in sheep vaccinated with peptide mimotopes of cathepsin L and infected with metacercariae. A total of 25 sheep were allocated randomly into five groups of five animals each, and experimental groups were immunised with 1 × 10 filamentous phage particles of cathepsin L1 (CL1) (TPWKDKQ), CL2 (YGSCFLR) and mixtures of CL1 + CL2 mimotopes, in combination with Quil A adjuvant, and wild-type M13KE phage in a two-vaccination scheme on weeks 0 and 4.

Vaccination with cathepsin L mimotopes of Fasciola hepatica in goats reduces worm burden, morphometric measurements, and reproductive structures.

Fasciolosis is a worldwide emergent zoonotic disease that significantly constrains the productivity of livestock. We conducted an experimental trial with four groups of five goats each, vaccinated with 1 × 10 phage particles of cathepsin L1 (CLI: DPWWLKQ), CL1 (SGTFLFS), and CL2 (PPIRNGK) mimotopes combined with Quil A adjuvant. Animals received a booster four weeks later.

New records of helminth parasites of nine species of waterfowl in Mexico, and a checklist of the helminth fauna of Anatidae occurring in Mexican wetlands.

Wild and domestic populations of waterfowl garner economic benefits, as they are hunted for human consumption or as a recreational activity. Waterfowl migrate to their wintering grounds in Mexican wetlands where habitat conditions are more favourable. In this study, we present a list of helminth species sampled from the gastrointestinal tract of 59 wild birds belonging to the family Anatidae in three localities of Mexico, and a checklist of the helminth parasite fauna of the members of the family in the whole country, built from literature records.

Antiparasitic Efficacy of Curcumin Against Tachyzoites .

is the causative agent of bovine besnoitiosis. infections lead to reduced fertility and productivity in cattle causing high economic losses, not only in Europe, but also in Asia and Africa. Mild to severe clinical signs, such as anasarca, oedema, orchitis, hyperkeratosis, and characteristic skin and mucosal cysts, are due to tachyzoite and bradyzoite replication in intermediate host tissues.

Assessment of the effective dose of an experimental intramuscular formulation against immature and adult Fasciola hepatica in sheep.

The effective dose of an injectable prodrug, named compound alpha prodrug, against immature and adult Fasciola hepatica in experimentally infected sheep was determined. In a first experiment, 30 sheep were infected with Fasciola hepatica on day 0 and 50. After microscopic detection of faecal eggs on day 80, groups (n = 6) 1 to 3 were treated with 6, 8 and 10 mg/kg of the experimental water-soluble prodrug compound alpha intramuscularly, respectively.

Development of the first georeferenced map of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) spp. in Mexico from 1970 to date and prediction of its spatial distribution.

The tick genus Ripicephalus (Boophilus), particularly R. microplus, is one of the most important ectoparasites that affects livestock health and considered an epidemiological risk because it causes significant economic losses due, mainly, to restrictions in the export of infested animals to several countries. Its spatial distribution has been tied to environmental factors, mainly warm temperatures and high relative humidity.

Efficacy of nitazoxanide to treat natural Giardia infections in dogs.

Background: Giardia parasites cause gastrointestinal disease in humans, dogs, and many other animals worldwide. The treatment of dogs for giardiasis requires further investigation to ascertain levels of drug efficacy and the possibility of adverse side effects. Nitazoxanide (NTZ) has shown good clinical anti-Giardia activity in humans, yet it has not been evaluated for the treatment of giardiasis in dogs.

Anticoccidial efficacy of naringenin and a grapefruit peel extract in growing lambs naturally-infected with Eimeria spp.

The current study aimed to determine the anti-Eimeria efficacy of an extract of grapefruit peels (GF) and commercial naringenin (NAR) in naturally-infected lambs, as well as the influence of these flavonoids on the oxidative status during ovine coccidiosis. Pharmacokinetic profiles were also determined. Extracts were administered per os to Eimeria naturally infected growing lambs during 90 consecutive days.

Ixodicide activity of Eysenhardtia polystachya against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the acaricidal effect of 2 compounds extracted from Eysenhardtia polystachya in vitro, namely coatlines and matlalines. Each extract was obtained by aqueous extraction in a nitrogen atmosphere. Engorged adult females of an amitraz-resistant strain of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus were used to produce larvae and to carry out the adult immersion test (AIT), while larvae were assayed using the larval packet test (LPT).

Design, synthesis, in vitro evaluation and preliminary SAR studies of N-(2-(heteroaryloxy)propyl)phenothiazines against Rhipicephalus microplus cattle tick.

A family of 15 N-substituted phenothiazines was designed, synthesized and their acaricidal activity against Rhipicephalus microplus was determined in vitro. The synthetic methodology is simple and can be employed in multigram scale. The rationale for the structure-based design of these compounds is the potential for azines and phenothiazine to engage in π-π interactions; these fragments, joined together by a short, flexible alkoxide linker, structurally resemble phenothiazine-based cholinesterase inhibitors, while their weak basicity implies a neutral active form, rather than a cationic one, thus facilitating penetration of the cuticle of ticks.

Pharmacodynamic evaluation of a reference and a generic toltrazuril preparation in broilers experimentally infected with Eimeria tenella or E. acervulina.

Abstract 1. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects on pigmentation, faecal oocyst output, immune responsiveness and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation following treatment with either the reference toltrazuril (Baycox) or a generic preparation (gen-TTZ), during an experimental Eimeria tenella (Et) or E. acervulina (Ea) infection of 210 Ross broiler chickens.

In silico fasciolicide activity of three experimental compounds in sheep.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the fasciolicide activity of three experimental drugs, selected by an in silico system called TOMOCOMD-CARDD, in sheep. Drugs were identified by the computer system, and, after statistical selection, 24 Pelibuey sheep were infected on days 0 and 30, each with 200 metacercariae of Fasciola hepatica. When the infection reached 8 and 4 weeks of age, respectively, four groups of six animals each were formed.

Cytokine gene expression and NF-kappaB activation following infection of intestinal epithelial cells with Eimeria bovis or Eimeria alabamensis in vitro.

In cattle, Eimeria produces clinical disease with different degrees of severity, depending on the dominant species. Eimeria bovis triggers severe intestinal damage, while E. alabamensis causes minimal damage.

Downregulation of the goat beta-defensin-2 gene by IL-4 in caprine intestinal epithelial cells infected with Eimeria spp.

Defensins are antimicrobial peptides that are produced by leukocytes and epithelial cells. Recent advances indicate that these peptides play an important role in innate immune responses. Nonetheless, the role of defensins in caprine eimeriosis remains unknown.

Serine protease activity demonstrated in the larval stage of the pentastomid Linguatula serrata.

Linguatula serrata is a cosmopolitan parasite whose intermediate hosts are cattle, goats, sheep, and other ruminants. The adult form is found in the nasal airways, frontal sinuses, and tympanic cavity of canines and felines, and it produces hemorrhages and breathing difficulties. To elucidate if L.