Using a Theoretical Model to Assess the Impact of Vascular Risk Factors on Autoregulation in the Retina.

Purpose: Vascular impairments, including reduced capillary density (CD), impaired autoregulation capacity (Reg), and elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), have been identified as significant contributors to glaucomatous disease. This study implemented a theoretical model to quantify the impact of these impairments on retinal blood flow and oxygenation as intraluminal pressure (Pa) is varied.

Methods: A theoretical model of the retinal vasculature was used to simulate reductions in CD by 10% (early glaucoma) and 30% to 50% (advanced glaucoma), a range in autoregulation capacity from 0% (totally impaired) to 100% (totally functional), and normal (15 mm Hg) and elevated (25 mm Hg) levels of IOP.

An interprofessional model to improve LGBTQ+ specific cultural competence in dental and pharmacy students.

Background: Disproportionate access to healthcare services among the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer or Questioning and others (LGBTQ+) population can be partially attributed to the lack of cultural competence among healthcare providers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of an interprofessional model in improving cultural competence and clinical preparedness among dental and pharmacy students for providing LGBTQ+ specific care.

Methodology: This study is a retrospective observational study which used a novel interprofessional model of three different LGBTQ+ focused educational interventions within a group of dental and pharmacy students.

Comparison of clinical independence level scores among predoctoral dental students between dental school clinic and community clinic rotation.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the difference in the level of clinical independence among predoctoral dental students during their community clinic rotation with their dental school clinic rotations.

Methods: Descriptive statistics, assessment of sample normality, and T-tests were performed to present the difference in average independence scale scores for the participants in each of the clinical disciplines at dental school clinical rotations and community rotations. The relative impact of each community clinical site was assessed to compare scores assigned at varying locations by different faculty.

Mini-Open Technique for Gluteus Medius Tendon Repairs Is Associated With Low Complication Rates and Sustained Improvement in Patient Reported Outcomes at 2-Year Follow-Up.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of the senior author's hybrid "mini-open" technique for abductor tendon repair at 2-year follow-up.

Methods: After institutional review board approval, we performed a retrospective review of prospectively collected data for all patients undergoing isolated mini-open gluteus medius tendon repairs from January 2018 to January 2022. Inclusion criteria included ongoing abductor pain refractory to nonoperative management, magnetic resonance imaging demonstrating gluteus medius/minimus tear, completion of preoperative patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) including Modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Hip Outcome Score for Activities of Daily Living (HOS-ADL), Hip Outcome Score for Sports-Related Activities (HOS-SS), and visual analog scale (VAS) for pain and minimum 2-year follow-up.

Adapting to change: insights from new organisms in cell and developmental biology.

We are living in an era of environmental change with undeniable parallels with past mass extinctions. To improve our understanding of planetary health and resilience, we must expand our research beyond traditional lab models. Forecasting the future of biological diversity relies on extrapolation of past trends, which necessitates the study of a wider range of biological systems.

Assessing gaps in predoctoral dental curriculum for LGBTQ+ specific content.

Background: Despite growing recognition of health disparities faced by the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer (or Questioning) (LGBTQ+) population, significant gaps remain for inclusion of LGBTQ+ content in health professions education, particularly dental curricula. This study aims to address these gaps by investigating the integration of LGBTQ+ content in a midwestern dental school curriculum.

Methods: Curriculum mapping and focus group discussions were utilized to identify gaps and recommend integrating LGBTQ+ content into a predoctoral dental curriculum.

Predicting the impact of retinal vessel density on retinal vessel and tissue oxygenation using a theoretical model.

Vascular impairments, including compromised flow regulation, have been identified as significant contributors to glaucomatous disease. Recent studies have shown glaucoma patients with significantly reduced peripapillary, macular, and optic nerve head vessel densities occurring with early glaucomatous structural changes prior to detectable visual field loss. This study aims to quantify the potential impact of decreased vessel densities on retinal perfusion and oxygen metabolism.

Phylogeny, morphology, and behavior of the new ciliate species .

The study of evolution at the cellular level traditionally has focused on the evolution of metabolic pathways, endomembrane systems, and genomes, but there has been increasing interest in evolution of more complex cellular structures and behaviors, particularly in the eukaryotes. Ciliates have major advantages for such studies due to their easily visible surface patterning and their dramatic and complex behaviors that can be easily analyzed. Among the ciliates, the genus epitomizes the features that are useful for studying evolution: they are widespread in freshwater environments, easy to visualize because of their large size, and capable of complex behaviors such as learning, decision-making, and phototaxis.

Substance Use Screening in Geriatric Primary Care: Cultural Issues and Alcohol Consumption in the Deep South.

Objectives: To investigate indicators of potentially hazardous alcohol use among older adults living in a region with high substance use stigma.

Methods: Patients at a university-affiliated geriatrics clinic in the Deep South of theUS completed behavioral health screenings including self-reported alcohol use, symptoms of depression or anxiety, and cognitive functioning between 2018 and 2022.

Results: Participants ( = 278) averaged 76.

Optimizing Dual Antiplatelet Therapy in the Perioperative Period for Spine Surgery After Recent Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Comprehensive Review, Synthesis, and Catalyst for Protocol Formulation.

The increased incidence of spine surgery within the past decade has highlighted the importance of robust perioperative management to improve patient outcomes overall. Coronary artery disease is a common medical comorbidity present in the population of individuals who receive surgery for spinal pathology that is often treated with dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after percutaneous coronary intervention. Discontinuation of DAPT before surgical intervention is typically indicated; however, contradictory evidence exists in the literature regarding the timing of DAPT use and discontinuation in the perioperative period.

Resident Assessment of Clinician Educators According to Core ACGME Competencies.

Background: The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) requires faculty to pursue annual development to enhance their teaching skills. Few studies exist on how to identify and improve the quality of teaching provided by faculty educators. Understanding the correlation between numeric scores assigned to faculty educators and their tangible, practical teaching skills would be beneficial.

The Microsoft HoloLens 2 Provides Accurate Biomechanical Measures of Performance During Military-Relevant Activities in Healthy Adults.

Introduction: Augmented reality systems, like the HoloLens 2 (HL2), have the potential to provide accurate assessments of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) symptoms in military personnel by simulating complex military scenarios while objectively measuring the user's movements with embedded motion sensors. The aim of this project was to determine if biomechanical measures of marching and squatting, derived from the HL2 motion sensors, were statistically equivalent, within 5%, to metrics derived from the gold-standard three-dimensional motion capture (MoCap) system.

Materials And Methods: Sixty-four adults (18-45 years; 34 males) completed a squatting and a marching task under single- (motor) and dual-task (motor + cognitive) conditions.

Should all asthma patients be switched to single maintenance and reliever therapy?

Recent data indicate that overuse of short-acting beta2-agonists (SABAs) results in an increased risk of asthma exacerbations and mortality. The use of inhaled corticosteroid-formoterol as both maintenance and reliever therapy has become a preferred regimen for asthma management. Clinicians should be aware of the pharmacology, dosing, and prescribing considerations regarding the use of budesonide-formoterol as the available combination in the United States.

Spasticity and movement disorders in cerebral palsy.

Purpose: To review the neurosurgical treatments of children with movement disorders associated with cerebral palsy (CP) during the previous decades, up to the present day.

Methods: An extensive literature review was undertaken to identify important publications about this subject. My experience treating children with these disorders over the past three decades was included in the individual sections.

Local anesthetic with monitored anesthesia care in cephalomedullary nailing of proximal femur fractures.

Introduction: Proximal femur fractures have high rates of morbidity, mortality, and perioperative complications. Limiting anesthesia, especially in the elderly population, is a priority from a medical perspective. The goal of the current study is to present a technique of using local anesthetic with monitored anesthesia care (MAC) for the fixation of intertrochanteric (IT) femur fractures with cephalomedullary nailing (CMN), provide early clinical results in a small series of patients, and evaluate the safety, efficiency, and anesthetic efficacy of our technique.

Predicting age and mass at maturity from feeding behavior and diet in : An empirical test of a life history model.

Feeding for most animals involves bouts of active ingestion alternating with bouts of no ingestion. In insects, the temporal patterning of bouts varies widely with resource quality and is known to affect growth, development time, and fitness. However, the precise impacts of resource quality and feeding behavior on insect life history traits are poorly understood.

Understanding the impact of barriers to onward migration; a novel approach using translocated fish.

River catchments worldwide are heavily fragmented by anthropogenic barriers, reducing their longitudinal connectivity and contributing to the decline of migratory fish populations. Direct impacts of individual barriers on migratory fish are well-established, but barrier impacts on onward migration are poorly understood, despite their relevance to evidence-based, catchment-scale, management of threatened species. This study investigated the upstream spawning migration of 352 acoustic tagged river lamprey (Lampetra fluviatilis), translocated upstream of two key barriers (R2: n = 60 & 59; R3: n = 59 & 52) compared to a control group (R1: n = 61 & 59), across two contrasting (dry and wet, n = 180 and 172) years in the River Yorkshire Ouse, England, to reveal the impact of barriers on the onward migration of upstream migrating fish.

Cloud transition across the daily cycle illuminates model responses of trade cumuli to warming.

The response of trade cumulus clouds to warming remains a major source of uncertainty for climate sensitivity. Recent studies have highlighted the role of the cloud-convection coupling in explaining this spread in future warming estimates. Here, using observations from an instrumented site and an airborne field campaign, together with high-frequency climate model outputs, we show that i) over the course of the daily cycle, a cloud transition is observed from deeper cumuli during nighttime to shallower cumuli during daytime, ii) the cloud evolution that models predict from night to day reflects the strength of cloud sensitivity to convective mass flux and exhibits many similarities with the cloud evolution they predict under global warming, and iii) those models that simulate a realistic cloud transition over the daily cycle tend to predict weak trade cumulus feedback.

Paintings by Turner and Monet depict trends in 19th century air pollution.

Individual paintings by artists including Vincent van Gogh and Edvard Munch have been shown to depict specific atmospheric phenomena, raising the question of whether longer-term environmental change influences stylistic trends in painting. Anthropogenic aerosol emissions increased to unprecedented levels during the 19th century as a consequence of the Industrial Revolution, particularly in Western European cities, leading to an optical environment having less contrast and more intensity. Here, we show that trends from more figurative to impressionistic representations in J.