Nightmares in Swiss elite athletes: Associated factors.

Nightmares, defined as extremely dysphoric dreams, can cause significant distress in everyday life if they occur frequently. Their aetiology is based on a disposition-stress model. As elite athletes often experience high stress levels, the present study investigated factors that might be associated with nightmare frequency in a large cohort of 2297 Swiss elite athletes (1066 women, 1231 men) with a mean age of 22.

Sleep Difficulties in Swiss Elite Athletes.

For athletes, sleep is essential for recovery and performance. Yet, up to two-thirds of athletes report poor sleep quality. Comprehensive data across all sports disciplines on the underlying causes of sleep problems are missing.

Measuring Sleep, Wakefulness, and Circadian Functions in Neurologic Disorders.

Neurologic disorders impact the ability of the brain to regulate sleep, wake, and circadian functions, including state generation, components of state (such as rapid eye movement sleep muscle atonia, state transitions) and electroencephalographic microarchitecture. At its most extreme, extensive brain damage may even prevent differentiation of sleep stages from wakefulness (eg, status dissociatus). Given that comorbid sleep-wake-circadian disorders are common and can adversely impact the occurrence, evolution, and management of underlying neurologic conditions, new technologies for long-term monitoring of neurologic patients may potentially usher in new diagnostic strategies and optimization of clinical management.

Sleep and conditioning of the siphon withdrawal reflex in Aplysia.

Sleep is essential for memory consolidation after learning as shown in mammals and invertebrates such as bees and flies. Aplysia californica displays sleep, and sleep in this mollusk was also found to support memory for an operant conditioning task. Here, we investigated whether sleep in Aplysia is also required for memory consolidation in a simpler type of learning, i.

Wakefulness rather than sleep benefits extinction of an inhibitory operant conditioning memory in Aplysia.

Sleep enhances memory consolidation which has been shown in mammals as well as in invertebrates, like bees and Drosophila. The current study is part of a series of experiments examining whether this memory function of sleep is preserved in Aplysia with an even simpler nervous system. Previous work showed that Aplysia sleep and that sleep after training supports memory on an inhibitory conditioning task ('learning that food is inedible', LFI).

Sleep supports inhibitory operant conditioning memory in .

Sleep supports memory consolidation as shown in mammals and invertebrates such as bees and Here, we show that sleep's memory function is preserved in with an even simpler nervous system. Animals performed on an inhibitory conditioning task ("learning that a food is inedible") three times, at Training, Retrieval 1, and Retrieval 2, with 17-h intervals between tests. Compared with Wake animals, remaining awake between Training and Retrieval 1, Sleep animals with undisturbed post-training sleep, performed significantly better at Retrieval 1 and 2.

Sleep and memory in mammals, birds and invertebrates.

Sleep supports memory consolidation. Based on studies in mammals, sleep-dependent consolidation has been conceptualized as 'active system consolidation'. During waking, information is encoded into an initial store (hippocampus).

Characterization of sleep in Aplysia californica.

Study Objective: To characterize sleep in the marine mollusk, Aplysia californica.

Design: Animal behavior and activity were assessed using video recordings to measure activity, resting posture, resting place preference, and behavior after rest deprivation. Latencies for behavioral responses were measured for appetitive and aversive stimuli for animals in the wake and rest states.