Enflurane anesthesia for surgical removal of pheochromocytoma.

Four cases describing the use of enflurane as the main anesthetic during surgical removal of pheochromocytoma (PCC) are presented and the preoperative preparation and intraoperative management of the patients are discussed. Serum levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine were measured in 3 of the reported cases. Intraoperative values were extremely elevated during tumor manipulation, but there was only 1 minor episode of arrhythmias.

Preparation of cultured cells for SEM: air drying from organic solvents.

Air evaporation from organic solvents of differing polarities and surface free energies was used in the preparation of cultured murine peritoneal macrophages for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The surface structural features of these cells were compared to the surfaces of similar cells prepared by the critical-point procedure. In general, all organic solvents produced a marked collapse of cell structure resulting in an increase in surface irregularity.

[The morphological and functional integrity of cryo-preserved leukocytes].

Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were frozen by a simplified method which is described. Light and electron microscopic investigations of the frozen-thawed cells showed no significant morphological changes compared to the fresh cells; comparison of E-rosette formation and nonspecific acid esterase activity before and after cryoconservation afford evidence of a possible slight change in the percent relationship of T- and B-cells, whereas thymidine uptake values within normal range after stimulation with PHA and homologous cells demonstrate the functional integrity of the lymphocytes.

The effect of enflurane, isoflurane, fluroxene, methoxyflurane and diethyl ether anesthesia on ouabain tolerance in the dog.

Digitalis tolerance in dogs anesthetized with enflurane, isoflurane, fluroxene, methoxyflurane, and diethyl ether was compared with that in dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital. Ouabain dosage needed to cause ventricular tachycardia was significantly higher than that of pentobarbital with all agents except fluroxene, as was the LD50. The relative potency of these anesthetics in converting ouabain-induced ventricular tachycardia to sinus rhythm, in order of descending effectiveness, was: diethyl ether, methoxyflurane, enflurane, fluroxene, isoflurane, pentobarbital.

[Enzyme diagnosis of human parotid glands and its problems].

The gland-specific enzymes amylase, lysozyme and kallikrein the activities and their dependence on the speed of salivation were studied in normal persons. In these investigations the specification or standard ranges for differentiated secretion states is useful. In contrast to amylase activity, the activities of lysozyme and kallikrein weaken appreciably with increasing speed of salivation.

The effects of doxapram on cerebral blood flow and peripheral hemodynamics in the anesthetized and unanesthetized goat.

The effects of doxapram on cerebral blood flow (CBF) and peripheral hemodynamics were evaluated in the goat after direct injection into the cerebral circulation and after peripheral IV administration. Doxapram injected centrally via the temporal artery, in doses too small to affect peripheral circulation, produced an immediate and prolonged decrease in CBF in both anesthetized and unanesthetized gohanges in blood CO2 concentration, since blood flow decreased immediately after injection and as reduction in CBF occurred in the absence of changes in blood CO2. Pheripheral IV administration of doxapram in clinical doses to anesthetized and unanesthetized goats produced a biphasic cardiovascular response.

Sodium nitroprusside and cerebral blood flow in the anesthetized and unanesthetized goat.

The effects of dodium nitroprusside (SNP) on total, ipsilateral cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the unanesthetized and anesthetized goat was evaluated under four conditions: 1) bolus injection of SNP into the cerebral circulation via the temporal artery; 2) continuous infusion of SNP into the temporal artery in amounts too small to affect the peripheral circulation (0.57-1.14 mug/kg/min); 3) intravenous infusion of SNP; 4) continuous intravenous infusion of SNP with a bolus injection af angiotensin.

[Diminution of activity of liver microsomal oxygenase in a rat fed with a diet with added zineb].

Young Wistar CF male rats were fed with diets containing 6,15,60,600,3600 p.p.m of zineb (a zinc thiocarbamate used as fongicide).

Absence of autoregulation of cerebral blood flow during halothane and enflurane anesthesia.

The effects of halothane and enflurane anesthesia under conditions of normo-, hyper-, and hypocarbia on the autoregulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the goat were evaluated. The goat was selected because of its unique arterial blood supply to the head and the development of a method by which CBF may be continuously measured. The study revealed that 1 MAC of halothane or enflurane anesthesia at normocarbia abolished cerebral autoregulation, CBF increasing or decreasing with increasing or decreasing peripheral blood pressure.

The effect of pancuronium on myocardial contraction and catecholamine metabolism.

The effects of pancuronium bromide infusion on the uptake and release of [14C] noradrenaline (14C-NA) by the isolated, perfused rat heart and on the chronotropic and inotropic activity of the isolated heart were evaluated. Hearts were removed from animals under light ether anaesthesia, transferred to a modified Langendorff perfusing apparatus and perfused with Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate solution at a rate of 5 ml min-1. The effect of pancuronium on the uptake of noradrenaline was determined by perfusing hearts for 5 min with perfusate containing various concentrations of pancuronium and 200 ng ml-1 of 14C-NA.

Supraependymal cells of hypothalamic third ventricle: identification as resident phagocytes of the brain.

Cells lying on the ventricular surface of the hypothalamic ependyma of the tegu lizard exhibit the pseudopodial and flaplike processes characteristic of macrophages found elsewhere. Since they ingest latex beads, they may be considered a resident phagocytic system of the brain. The importance of ependyma and ventricular phagocytes as a first line of defense against viral invasion of the brain, as well as their role in the pathogenesis of certain virus-related diseases, is suggested by a number of experimental and clinical observations.

Cerebral hemodynamics following internal maxillary artery ligation in the goat.

Changes in cerebral and extracerebral blood flow in the goat after ligation of the internal maxillary artery and deliberate thrombosis of the extracerebral arteries (buccinator, ethmoidal, and ophthalmic) with thrombin were compared to changes seen in animals after internal maxillary artery ligation only and in normal animals where no surgical manipulations were performed. Blood flow was measured by injecting 51-Cr-labeled microspheres into the internal maxillary artery via a catheter placed into the temporal artery. Analysis of the radioactivity in extracerebral and intracerebral tissues indicated that when the internal maxillary artery is ligated and the extracerebral arteries are thrombosed, virtually all of the blood flow from the carotid artery is destined from the brain.

Alterations in mouse macrophage migration: a function of assay systems, lymphocyte activation product preparation, and fractionation.

Supernatants from mouse spleen cell and peritoneal cell cultures were tested for the presence of lymphocyte activation products. Supernatants from mouse spleen cell and peritoneal cell cultures incubated with brucella antigens contained a macrophage migration inhibition factor(s) and a macrophage spreading factor(s) only if the cells were harvested from Brucella-infected mice. After dialysis and freeze-drying, the supernatants were fractionated by preparative acrylamide-gel electrophoresis.

[Endocrinologic evidence for differential diagnosis and follow-up of expanding intraseller processes].

In expectance of early chromophobic adenomata the transsphenoidal intervention revealed in 5 cases cerebrospinal fluid only, 3 times in closed cysts, 2 times with connection to the endocranial space. In one case the neuro-surgical approach revealed basal arachnoidal cysts. Endocrine studies detected no significant differences between empty sella patients and chromophobic adenomata.

Cardiovascular effects of intraperitoneal insufflation with carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide in the dog.

Cardiovascular changes caused by intraperitoneal insufflation with CO2 or N2O were measured in 15 mongrel dogs. Moderate progressive increases in intra-abdominal pressure (to 40 mm Hg) with either gas produced increases in mean arterial, right atrial, pleural, and femoral-vein pressures. Cardiac output and inferior vena caval flow were momentarily increased following the commencement of insufflation.

[Effect of methyl parathion and zineb administration on the activity of some hepatic enzymes in rats].

Male albinos rats were fed diets containing parathion-methyl or Zineb so that the average daily intake is 1/10 or 1/20 lethal dose 50, for a period of 4 or 8 weeks. The activity of hepatic microsomal enzymes, namely :aminopyrine N-demethylase, BHT oxidase, aniline hydroxylase, Butter Yellow & Amaranth reductases, NADPH-cyt. c reductase, G6P phosphatase, were measured.

Small intestinal disease in T cell deficiency.

Biopsies of the proximal small bowel were obtained in four children with impairment of cell-mediated immunity, chronic diarrhia, and malabsorption; one child had an isolated T cell defect and three had significant B and T cell defects. All of them had malabsorption and, in addition to alterations of the small bowel epithelium, large vacuolated macrophages were seen in the lamina propria in all biopsies. Electron microscopy demonstrated lipid and patches of small pleomorphic inclusions within the macrophages.