Exploring Morphological and Molecular Properties of Different Adipose Cell Models: Monolayer, Spheroids, Gellan Gum-Based Hydrogels, and Explants.

White adipose tissue (WAT) plays a crucial role in energy homeostasis and secretes numerous adipokines with far-reaching effects. WAT is linked to diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. There is a high demand for suitable in vitro models to study diseases and tissue metabolism.

Dynamically cultured, differentiated bovine adipose-derived stem cell spheroids as building blocks for biofabricating cultured fat.

Cultured or cultivated meat, animal muscle, and fat tissue grown in vitro, could transform the global meat market, reducing animal suffering while using fewer resources than traditional meat production and no antimicrobials at all. To ensure the appeal of cultured meat to future customers, cultured fat is essential for achieving desired mouthfeel, taste, and texture, especially in beef. In this work we show the establishment of primary bovine adipose-derived stem cell spheroids in static and dynamic suspension culture.

Insights into the meaning of medical students' studies. An online survey at two medical faculties.

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate how medical students' deal with their own questions of meaning during their studies, how they cope with patients' questions of meaning or crises of meaning, to what extent their experience of meaning changes during their studies, and what role medical studies play in this.

Methods: In 2022, we conducted an exploratory cross-sectional study in the form of an online survey at two German universities with students in the clinical part of their studies. Quantitative data were analyzed descriptively, and group differences were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U tests.

Exploring Responsiveness to Highly Challenging Balance and Gait Training in Parkinson's Disease.

Background: Exercise potentially improves gait, balance, and habitual physical activity in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, given the heterogeneous nature of the disease, it is likely that people respond differently to exercise interventions. Factors determining responsiveness to exercise interventions remain unclear.

MRI subtypes in Parkinson's disease across diverse populations and clustering approaches.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is clinically heterogeneous, which suggests the existence of subtypes; however, there has been no consensus regarding their characteristics. This study included 633 PD individuals across distinct cohorts: unmedicated de novo PD, medicated PD, mild-moderate PD, and a cohort based on diagnostic work-up in clinical practice. Additionally, 233 controls were included.

Speech and neuroimaging effects following HiCommunication: a randomized controlled group intervention trial in Parkinson's disease.

Speech, voice and communication changes are common in Parkinson's disease. HiCommunication is a novel group intervention for speech and communication in Parkinson's disease based on principles driving neuroplasticity. In a randomized controlled trial, 95 participants with Parkinson's disease were allocated to HiCommunication or an active control intervention.

Light-mediated biosynthesis of size-tuned silver nanoparticles using Saccharomyces cerevisiae extract.

Bio-based production of silver nanoparticles represents a sustainable alternative to commercially applied physicochemical manufacturing approaches and provides qualitatively highly valuable nanomaterials due to their narrow size dispersity, high stability and biocompatibility with broad application potentials. The intrinsic features of nanoparticles depend on size and shape, whereby the controlled synthesis is a challenging necessity. In the present study, the biosynthesis of size-tuned silver nanoparticles based on cell-free extracts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae DSM 1333 was investigated.

Robot-based 6D bioprinting for soft tissue biomedical applications.

Within this interdisciplinary study, we demonstrate the applicability of a 6D printer for soft tissue engineering models. For this purpose, a special plant was constructed, combining the technical requirements for 6D printing with the biological necessities, especially for soft tissue. Therefore, a commercial 6D robot arm was combined with a sterilizable housing (including a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter and ultraviolet radiation (UVC) lamps) and a custom-made printhead and printbed.

Validation of fNIRS measurement of executive demand during walking with and without dual-task in younger and older adults and people with Parkinson's disease.

Background: Walking with a concurrent cognitive task (dual-task walking) can pose a challenge to some populations due to aging or neurodegenerative disease. These tasks require cognitive resources involving the prefrontal cortex and can be studied using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). An important step in understanding fNIRS measures during such walking tasks is validating that measures reflect the demands of the tasks and not confounding sources or movement artifacts.

Observation of SOMO-HOMO Inversion in a Neutral Polycyclic Conjugated Hydrocarbon.

We report the generation of a nonbenzenoid polycyclic conjugated hydrocarbon, which consists of a biphenyl moiety substituted by indenyl units at the 4,4' positions, on ultrathin sodium chloride films by tip-induced chemistry. Single-molecule characterization by scanning tunneling and atomic force microscopy reveals an open-shell biradical ground state with a peculiar electronic configuration wherein the singly occupied molecular orbitals (SOMOs) are lower in energy than the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO).

The odd-number cyclo[13]carbon and its dimer, cyclo[26]carbon.

Molecular rings of carbon atoms (cyclo[]carbons, or C) are excellent benchmarking systems for testing quantum chemical theoretical methods and valuable precursors to other carbon-rich materials. Odd- cyclocarbons, which have been elusive to date, are predicted to be even less stable than even- cyclocarbons. We report the on-surface synthesis of cyclo[13]carbon, C, by manipulation of decachlorofluorene with a scanning probe microscope tip.

Investigating underlying brain structures and influence of mild and subjective cognitive impairment on dual-task performance in people with Parkinson's disease.

Cognitive impairment can affect dual-task abilities in Parkinson's disease (PD), but it remains unclear whether this is also driven by gray matter alterations across different cognitive classifications. Therefore, we investigated associations between dual-task performance during gait and functional mobility and gray matter alterations and explored whether these associations differed according to the degree of cognitive impairment. Participants with PD were classified according to their cognitive function with 22 as mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI), 14 as subjective cognitive impairment (PD-SCI), and 20 as normal cognition (PD-NC).

Biofabrication's Contribution to the Evolution of Cultured Meat.

Cultured Meat (CM) is a growing field in cellular agriculture, driven by the environmental impact of conventional meat production, which contributes to climate change and occupies ≈70% of arable land. As demand for meat alternatives rises, research in this area expands. CM production relies on tissue engineering techniques, where a limited number of animal cells are cultured in vitro and processed to create meat-like tissue comprising muscle and adipose components.

Bistability between π-diradical open-shell and closed-shell states in indeno[1,2-a]fluorene.

Indenofluorenes are non-benzenoid conjugated hydrocarbons that have received great interest owing to their unusual electronic structure and potential applications in nonlinear optics and photovoltaics. Here we report the generation of unsubstituted indeno[1,2-a]fluorene on various surfaces by the cleavage of two C-H bonds in 7,12-dihydroindeno[1,2-a]fluorene through voltage pulses applied by the tip of a combined scanning tunnelling microscope and atomic force microscope. On bilayer NaCl on Au(111), indeno[1,2-a]fluorene is in the neutral charge state, but it exhibits charge bistability between neutral and anionic states on the lower-workfunction surfaces of bilayer NaCl on Ag(111) and Cu(111).

Rapid and Effective Elimination of Myoglobin with CytoSorb® Hemoadsorber in Patients with Severe Rhabdomyolysis.

Introduction: Rhabdomyolysis is characterized by destruction of muscle fibers by various causes and is diagnosed by increased creatine kinase concentrations in the blood. Myoglobin released into the blood may cause acute kidney injury. In this randomized controlled study, we hypothesized that myoglobin elimination would be faster when a hemoadsorber was added to a continuous veno-venous hemodialysis (CVVHD).

World Heart Federation Consensus on Transthyretin Amyloidosis Cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM).

Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) is a progressive and fatal condition that requires early diagnosis, management, and specific treatment. The availability of new disease-modifying therapies has made successful treatment a reality. Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy can be either age-related (wild-type form) or caused by mutations in the TTR gene (genetic, hereditary forms).

On-surface synthesis of a doubly anti-aromatic carbon allotrope.

Synthetic carbon allotropes such as graphene, carbon nanotubes and fullerenes have revolutionized materials science and led to new technologies. Many hypothetical carbon allotropes have been discussed, but few have been studied experimentally. Recently, unconventional synthetic strategies such as dynamic covalent chemistry and on-surface synthesis have been used to create new forms of carbon, including γ-graphyne, fullerene polymers, biphenylene networks and cyclocarbons.

Scaling eukaryotic cell-free protein synthesis achieved with the versatile and high-yielding tobacco BY-2 cell lysate.

Eukaryotic cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) can accelerate expression and high-throughput analysis of complex proteins with functionally relevant post-translational modifications (PTMs). However, low yields and difficulties scaling such systems have prevented their widespread adoption in protein research and manufacturing. Here, we provide detailed demonstrations for the capabilities of a CFPS system derived from Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 cell culture (BY-2 lysate; BYL).

Drought hazards and stakeholder perception: Unraveling the interlinkages between drought severity, perceived impacts, preparedness, and management.

The future risk for droughts and water shortages calls for substantial efforts by authorities to adapt at local levels. Understanding their perception of drought hazards, risk and vulnerability can help to identify drivers of and barriers to drought risk planning and management in a changing climate at the local level. This paper presents a novel interdisciplinary drought case study in Sweden that integrates soft data from a nationwide survey among more than 100 local practitioners and hard data based on hydrological measurements to provide a holistic assessment of the links between drought severity and the perceived levels of drought severity, impacts, preparedness, and management for two consecutive drought events.

Implicit Motor Sequence Learning in People with Mild to Moderate Parkinson's Disease: Behavior and Related Brain Function.

Background: Deficits in motor learning could be an important explanation for the balance and gait impairments characteristic of people with Parkinson's disease (PD). Empirical studies often report that so-called implicit motor sequence learning is impaired in people with PD, but the results are inconclusive. Altered brain activity during implicit motor sequence learning has also been reported for people with PD in comparison to healthy individuals.

Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy to measure prefrontal cortex activity during dual-task walking and navigated walking: A feasibility study.

Introduction: While functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) can provide insight into motor-cognitive deficits during ecologically valid gait conditions, the feasibility of using fNIRS during complex walking remains unknown. We tested the process and scientific feasibility of using an fNIRS device to measure cortical activity during complex walking tasks consisting of straight walking and navigated walking under single and dual-task (DT) conditions.

Methods: Nineteen healthy people from 18 to 64 years (mean age: 45.

Multiclass prediction of different dementia syndromes based on multi-centric volumetric MRI imaging.

Introduction: Dementia syndromes can be difficult to diagnose. We aimed at building a classifier for multiple dementia syndromes using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods: Atlas-based volumetry was performed on T1-weighted MRI data of 426 patients and 51 controls from the multi-centric German Research Consortium of Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration including patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia, Alzheimer's disease, the three subtypes of primary progressive aphasia, i.