Anti-migraine medications safety during pregnancy in the US.

Background: Specific antimigraine medications (dihydroergotamine (DHE), triptans) have been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes in individual studies but lack of consensus remains.

Objectives: Quantify the risk of prematurity, low birth weight (LBW), major congenital malformations (MCM), and spontaneous abortions (SA) associated with gestational use of DHE or triptans in a privately insured cohort of pregnant women in the US.

Methods: We conducted a cohort study within the US Merative MarketScan Research Database (2011-2021), composed of a nationally representative sample of patients with employer-provided health insurance.

Relationship of dihydroergotamine pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, and nausea-A narrative review.

Objective: To assess the relationships between dihydroergotamine (DHE) pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters, clinical efficacy, and nausea incidence to determine a DHE PK profile that optimizes efficacy while minimizing adverse events (AEs), particularly nausea.

Background: Dihydroergotamine is a widely used option for the acute treatment of migraine. Although multiple DHE dosage forms, with varying PK and AE profiles, have been evaluated in randomized controlled trials (RCTs), the relationships between PK profile, efficacy, and the common DHE-related AE, nausea, have not been comprehensively evaluated.

Distribution and diversity of classical deacylases in bacteria.

Classical Zn-dependent deac(et)ylases play fundamental regulatory roles in life and are well characterized in eukaryotes regarding their structures, substrates and physiological roles. In bacteria, however, classical deacylases are less well understood. We construct a Generalized Profile (GP) and identify thousands of uncharacterized classical deacylases in bacteria, which are grouped into five clusters.

Novel Perspective on Molecular and Cellular Adaptations of the Mammary Gland-Regulating Milk Constituents and Immunity of Heat-Stressed Dairy Cows.

Climate change with increasing ambient temperatures negatively influences the biology of dairy cows and their milk production in the mammary gland (MG). This study aimed to elucidate the MG proteome, differences in milk composition, and ruminal short-chain fatty acid concentrations of dairy cows experiencing 7 days of heat stress [HS, 28 °C, temperature humidity index (THI) = 76], pair-feeding (PF), or ad libitum feeding (CON) at thermoneutrality (16 °C, THI = 60). Ruminal acetate, acetate/propionate ratio, and milk urea concentrations were greater, whereas milk protein and lactose were lower in HS than in control cows.

The biogeochemical boomerang: Site fidelity creates nutritional hotspots that may promote recurrent calving site reuse.

Animals interact with nutrient cycles by consuming and depositing nutrients, interactions studied separately in nutritional ecology and zoogeochemistry. Recent theoretical work bridges these disciplines, highlighting that animal-driven nutrient recycling could be crucial in helping animals meet their nutritional needs. When animals exhibit site fidelity, they consistently deposit nutrients, potentially improving vegetation quality.

Measuring Concentration of Nanoparticles in Polydisperse Mixtures Using Interferometric Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis.

Quantitative measurements of nanoparticle concentration in liquid suspensions are in high demand, for example, in the medical and food industries. Conventional methods remain unsatisfactory, especially for polydisperse samples with overlapping size ranges. Recently, we introduced interferometric nanoparticle tracking analysis (iNTA) for high-precision measurement of nanoparticle size and refractive index.

Colletodiol derivatives of the endophytic fungus Trichocladium sp.

The OSMAC (one strain many compounds) concept is a cultivation-based approach to increase the diversity of secondary metabolites in microorganisms. In this study, we applied the OSMAC-approach to the endophytic fungus Trichocladium sp. by supplementation of the cultivation medium with 2.

A randomized, open-label, 5-period crossover study evaluating the pharmacokinetics and safety of a single dose of intranasal dihydroergotamine (DHE) powder (STS101), intramuscular DHE mesylate, and liquid nasal spray DHE in healthy adults.

Objective: To compare the safety and pharmacokinetics (PK) of dihydroergotamine (DHE) after administration of intranasal DHE powder (STS101), liquid nasal spray (LNS) DHE mesylate, and intramuscular (IM) DHE mesylate injection in healthy participants.

Background: DHE is an effective acute migraine treatment; however, self-administration difficulties have prevented its broader role in the management of migraine.

Methods: This randomized, active-controlled, five-period crossover study was conducted over 5 weeks separated by 1-week washout periods.

Bacteria employ lysine acetylation of transcriptional regulators to adapt gene expression to cellular metabolism.

The Escherichia coli TetR-related transcriptional regulator RutR is involved in the coordination of pyrimidine and purine metabolism. Here we report that lysine acetylation modulates RutR function. Applying the genetic code expansion concept, we produced site-specifically lysine-acetylated RutR proteins.

The Association Between C24:0/C16:0 Ceramide Ratio and Cardiorespiratory Fitness is Robust to Effect Modifications by Age and Sex.

Ceramides and cardiorespiratory (CR) fitness are both related to cardiovascular diseases. The associations of three blood plasma ceramides (C16:0, C22:0, and C24:0) with CR fitness in the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-START-1; n = 1,102; mean age 50.3 years, 51.

The vaccinia chondroitin sulfate binding protein drives host membrane curvature to facilitate fusion.

Cellular attachment of viruses determines their cell tropism and species specificity. For entry, vaccinia, the prototypic poxvirus, relies on four binding proteins and an eleven-protein entry fusion complex. The contribution of the individual virus binding proteins to virion binding orientation and membrane fusion is unclear.

Cellular and mitochondrial adaptation mechanisms in the colon of lactating dairy cows during hyperthermia.

Heat stress causes barrier dysfunction and inflammation of the small intestine of several species. However, less is known about the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the response of the bovine large intestine to hyperthermia. We aimed to identify changes in the colon of dairy cows in response to constant heat stress using a proteomic approach.

Phosphatidylinositolmannoside vaccination induces lipid-specific Th1-responses and partially protects guinea pigs from Mycobacterium tuberculosis challenge.

The concept of donor-unrestricted T cells (DURTs) comprises a heterogeneity of lymphoid cells that respond to an abundance of unconventional epitopes in a non-MHC-restricted manner. Vaccinologists strive to harness this so far underexplored branch of the immune system for new vaccines against tuberculosis. A particular division of DURTs are T cells that recognize their cognate lipid antigen in the context of CD1-molecules.

FMRI Complexity Correlates with Tau-PET and Cognitive Decline in Late-Onset and Autosomal Dominant Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: Neurofibrillary tangle pathology detected with tau-PET correlates closely with neuronal injury and cognitive symptoms in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Complexity of rs-fMRI has been demonstrated to decrease with cognitive decline in AD.

Objective: We hypothesize that the rs-fMRI complexity provides an index for tau-related neuronal injury and cognitive decline in the AD process.

Low-grade inflammation is associated with a heterogeneous lipoprotein subclass profile in an apparently healthy population sample.

Background And Aims: Prevention measures for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have shifted their focus from lipoproteins to the immune system. However, low-grade inflammation and dyslipidemia are tightly entangled. The objective of this study was to assess the relations between a broad panel of inflammatory biomarkers and lipoprotein subclass parameters.

Confocal interferometric scattering microscopy reveals 3D nanoscopic structure and dynamics in live cells.

Bright-field light microscopy and related phase-sensitive techniques play an important role in life sciences because they provide facile and label-free insights into biological specimens. However, lack of three-dimensional imaging and low sensitivity to nanoscopic features hamper their application in many high-end quantitative studies. Here, we demonstrate that interferometric scattering (iSCAT) microscopy operated in the confocal mode provides unique label-free solutions for live-cell studies.

Automated Multimodal Stimulation and Simultaneous Neuronal Recording from Multiple Small Organisms.

Fluorescent genetically encoded calcium indicators have contributed greatly to our understanding of neural dynamics from the level of individual neurons to entire brain circuits. However, neural responses may vary due to prior experience, internal states, or stochastic factors, thus generating the need for methods that can assess neural function across many individuals at once. Whereas most recording techniques examine a single animal at a time, we describe the use of wide-field microscopy to scale up neuronal recordings to dozens of Caenorhabditis elegans or other sub-millimeter-scale organisms at once.

Variability in objective sleep is associated with Alzheimer's pathology and cognition.

Both sleep duration and sleep efficiency have been associated with risk of Alzheimer's disease, suggesting that interventions to promote optimal sleep may be a way to reduce Alzheimer's disease risk. However, studies often focus on average sleep measures, usually from self-report questionnaires, ignoring the role of intra-individual variability in sleep across nights quantified from objective sleep measures. The current cross-sectional study sought to investigate the role of intra-individual variability in accelerometer-based objective sleep duration and sleep efficiency in relation to Alzheimer's disease pathology (-amyloid and tau) using positron emission tomography imaging and cognition (working memory, inhibitory control, verbal memory, visual memory and global cognition).

Identifying access barriers faced by rural and dispersed communities to better address their needs: implications and lessons learned for rural proofing for health in the Americas and beyond.

Introduction: Universal access to health services and universal health coverage are needed to achieve good health for all, yet rural communities face a variety of access barriers. As part of an effort to 'rural proof' health systems, it is therefore imperative to identify and act on the factors limiting access to health services by rural and indigenous communities. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the wide range of access barriers faced by rural and remote communities in two countries where barrier assessments were conducted.

Worst-Case X-ray Photon Energies in Ultrashort Pulse Laser Processing.

Ultrashort pulse laser processing can result in the secondary generation of unwanted X-rays if a critical laser irradiance of about 10 W cm is exceeded. Spectral X-ray emissions were investigated during the processing of tungsten and steel using three complementary spectrometers (based on CdTe and silicon drift detectors) simultaneously for the identification of a worst-case spectral scenario. Therefore, maximum X-ray photon energies were determined, and corresponding dose equivalent rates were calculated.