Food and non-alcoholic beverage marketing in children and adults: A systematic review and activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies.

Food marketing impacts the food behaviors of children and adults, but the underpinning neural mechanisms are poorly understood. This systematic review and meta-analysis pooled evidence from neuroimaging studies of exposure to food marketing stimuli (vs. control) on brain activations in children and adults to clarify regions associated with responding.

Consuming media, consuming food: investigating concurrent TV viewing and eating using a 7-d time use diary survey.

Objective: One explanation for the relationship between TV viewing and obesity is that people may (over)eat while watching TV. The current study investigated associations between TV viewing and the time spent on (concurrent) eating in a naturalistic setting among a general population sample.

Design: Preregistered secondary data analyses were performed of a diary survey in which respondents reported their time use in 10-min blocks for 7 d.

See the cake and have it too? Investigating the effect of watching a TV cooking show on unhealthy food choices.

This study tested whether exposure to food-related (vs. non-food related) TV content would increase unhealthy food choices in unsuccessful restrained eaters (i.e.

Prediction of pre-eclampsia-related complications in women with suspected or confirmed pre-eclampsia: development and internal validation of clinical prediction model.

Objective: A model that can predict reliably the risk of pre-eclampsia (PE)-related pregnancy complications does not exist. The aim of this study was to develop and validate internally a clinical prediction model to predict the risk of a composite outcome of PE-related maternal and fetal complications within 7, 14 and 30 days of testing in women with suspected or confirmed PE.

Methods: The data for this study were derived from a prospective, multicenter, observational cohort study on women with a singleton pregnancy and suspected or confirmed PE at 20 to < 37 weeks' gestation.

Preference for and understanding of graphs presenting health risk information. The role of age, health literacy, numeracy and graph literacy.

Objective: To investigate 1) younger (< 65) and older (> 65) adults' preference for and understanding of graph formats presenting risk information, and 2) the contribution of age, health literacy, numeracy and graph literacy in understanding information.

Materials And Methods: To assess preferences, participants (n = 219 < 65 and n = 227>65) were exposed to a storyboard presenting six types of graphs. Understanding (verbatim and gist knowledge) was assessed in an experiment using a 6 (graphs: clock, bar, sparkplug, table, pie vs pictograph) by 2 (age: younger [<65] vs older [>65]) between-subjects design.

Midwives and Post-abortion Care in Gabon: "Things have really changed".

Complications from spontaneous and induced abortion are a primary cause of death of women in sub-Saharan Africa. Le Réseau d'Afrique Centrale pour la Santé Reproductive des Femmes: Gabon, Cameroun, Guinée Équatoriale (the Middle African Network for Women's Reproductive Health, or GCG as it is commonly known) was founded in 2009 to identify and overcome obstacles to post-abortion care in Gabon. Research identified the main obstacle as lack of emergency skills and provisions among first-line health care providers.

Food at first sight: Visual attention to palatable food cues on TV and subsequent unhealthy food intake in unsuccessful restrained eaters.

Background: This study investigated whether unsuccessful dieters show heightened visual attention to food cues in TV content and how visual attention influences subsequent unhealthy food intake. This study adds to prior literature by investigating the influence of visual attention to food cues on food intake with actual media content (i.e.

Predicting keratinocyte carcinoma in patients with actinic keratosis: development and internal validation of a multivariable risk-prediction model.

Background: Patients with actinic keratosis (AK) are at increased risk for developing keratinocyte carcinoma (KC) but predictive factors and their risk rates are unknown.

Objectives: To develop and internally validate a prediction model to calculate the absolute risk of a first KC in patients with AK.

Methods: The risk-prediction model was based on the prospective population-based Rotterdam Study cohort.

Development of a stratification tool to identify pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms at lowest risk of progression.

Background: Because most pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) will never become malignant, currently advocated long-term surveillance is low-yield for most individuals.

Aim: To develop a score chart identifying IPMNs at lowest risk of developing worrisome features or high-risk stigmata.

Methods: We combined prospectively maintained pancreatic cyst surveillance databases of three academic institutions.

Development and Validation of a Model to Predict Regression of Large Size Hepatocellular Adenoma.

Introduction: Surgery is advocated in hepatocellular adenomas (HCA) >5 cm that do not regress to <5 cm after 6-12 months. The aim of this study was to develop a model for these patients, estimating the probability of HCA regression to <5 cm at 1 and 2 years follow-up.

Methods: Data were derived from a multicenter retrospective cohort of female patients diagnosed with HCA >5 cm at first follow-up.

Autonomy Challenges in Epigenetic Risk-Stratified Cancer Screening: How Can Patient Decision Aids Support Informed Consent?

Information of an individual's epigenome can be useful in cancer screening to enable personalised decision making on participation, treatment options and further screening strategies. However, adding this information might result in complex risk predictions on multiple diseases, unsolicited findings and information on (past) environmental exposure and behaviour. This complicates informed consent procedures and may impede autonomous decision-making.

Watch what you watch: The effect of exposure to food-related television content on the accessibility of a hedonic eating goal.

Background: This study examined whether seeing food-related TV content affected the accessibility of a hedonic eating goal differently for people scoring relatively high or low on chronic dieting (i.e., eating restraint) and perceived self-regulatory success (i.

The effect of cost-sharing design characteristics on use of health care recommended by the treating physician; a discrete choice experiment.

Background: Cost-sharing programs are often too complex to be easily understood by the average insured individual. Consequently, it is often difficult to determine the amount of expenses in advance. This may preclude well-informed decisions of insured individuals to adhere to medical treatment advised by the treating physician.

The influence of biological affinity and sex on morphometric parameters of the clavicle in a South African sample.

Objectives: The present study aims to investigate the influence of environmental and functional factors associated with biological affinity and musculature on sexual dimorphism of the clavicle, and to develop population-specific methods of sex estimation from the clavicle.

Methods: The maximum length of the clavicle (MAXL), the sagittal diameter of the clavicle (SAGD), and the vertical diameter of the clavicle (VERD) were measured. The left clavicles of 198 South African coloured individuals (108 males and 90 females) were examined.

Prediction models for endometrial cancer for the general population or symptomatic women: A systematic review.

Objective: To provide an overview of prediction models for the risk of developing endometrial cancer in women of the general population or for the presence of endometrial cancer in symptomatic women.

Methods: We systematically searched the Embase and Pubmed database until September 2017 for relevant publications. We included studies describing the development, the external validation, or the updating of a multivariable model for predicting endometrial cancer in the general population or symptomatic women.

Effect of diesel exhaust generated by a city bus engine on stress responses and innate immunity in primary bronchial epithelial cell cultures.

Harmful effects of diesel emissions can be investigated via exposures of human epithelial cells, but most of previous studies have largely focused on the use of diesel particles or emission sources that are poorly representative of engines used in current traffic. We studied the cellular response of primary bronchial epithelial cells (PBECs) at the air-liquid interface (ALI) to the exposure to whole diesel exhaust (DE) generated by a Euro V bus engine, followed by treatment with UV-inactivated non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) bacteria to mimic microbial exposure. The effect of prolonged exposures was investigated, as well as the difference in the responses of cells from COPD and control donors and the effect of emissions generated during a cold start.

Candidate Genes for Nonsyndromic Cleft Palate Detected by Exome Sequencing.

Nonsyndromic cleft palate only (nsCPO) is a facial malformation that has a livebirth prevalence of 1 in 2,500. Research suggests that the etiology of nsCPO is multifactorial, with a clear genetic component. To date, genome-wide association studies have identified only 1 conclusive common variant for nsCPO, that is, a missense variant in the gene grainyhead-like-3 ( GRHL3).

Cortical bone histomorphology of known-age skeletons from the Kirsten collection, Stellenbosch university, South Africa.

Objectives: Normal human bone tissue changes predictably as adults get older, but substantial variability in pattern and pace remains unexplained. Information is needed regarding the characteristics of histological variables across diverse human populations.

Methods: Undecalcified thin sections from mid-thoracic ribs of 213 skeletons (138 M, 75 F, 17-82 years, mean age 48 years), are used to explore the efficacy of an established age-at-death estimation method and methodological approach (Cho et al.

Strong association of variants around FOXE1 and orofacial clefting.

Nonsyndromic orofacial clefting (nsOFC) is a common, complex congenital disorder. The most frequent forms are nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (nsCL/P) and nonsyndromic cleft palate only (nsCPO). Although they are generally considered distinct entities, a recent study has implicated a region around the FOXE1 gene in both nsCL/P and nsCPO.

Alveolar epithelial cells (A549) exposed at the air-liquid interface to diesel exhaust: First study in TNO's powertrain test center.

Air-liquid interface (ALI) exposures enable in vitro testing of mixtures of gases and particles such as diesel exhaust (DE). The main objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of exposing human lung epithelial cells at the ALI to complete DE generated by a heavy-duty truck in the state-of-the-art TNO powertrain test center. A549 cells were exposed at the air-liquid interface to DE generated by a heavy-duty Euro III truck for 1.

Genetic variation at the synaptic vesicle gene SV2A is associated with schizophrenia.

Convergent evidence from pharmacological and animal studies suggests a possible role for the synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A gene (SV2A) in schizophrenia susceptibility. To test systematically all common variants in the SV2A gene region for an association with schizophrenia, we used a HapMap-based haplotype tagging approach and tested five SNPs in 794 patients and 843 controls. The SNP rs15931 showed evidence for an association with schizophrenia and was followed-up in an independent sample of 2581 individuals (overall p-value=0.