Anatomical Engineering and 3D Printing for Surgery and Medical Devices: International Review and Future Exponential Innovations.

Three-dimensional printing (3DP) has recently gained importance in the medical industry, especially in surgical specialties. It uses different techniques and materials based on patients' needs, which allows bioprofessionals to design and develop unique pieces using medical imaging provided by computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Therefore, the Department of Biology and Medicine and the Department of Physics and Engineering, at the Bioastronautics and Space Mechatronics Research Group, have managed and supervised an international cooperation study, in order to present a general review of the innovative surgical applications, focused on anatomical systems, such as the nervous and craniofacial system, cardiovascular system, digestive system, genitourinary system, and musculoskeletal system.

Onlay Patellofemoral Arthroplasty in Patients With Isolated Patellofemoral Arthritis: A Systematic Review.

Background: Patellofemoral arthroplasty (PFA) for isolated patellofemoral osteoarthritis (OA) remains controversial due to variable postoperative outcomes and high failure rates. Second-generation (2G) onlay prostheses have been associated with improved postoperative outcomes. This systematic review was performed to assess the current overall survivorship and functional outcomes of 2G PFA.

Urban Cycling Expansion is Associated with an Increased Number of Clavicle Fractures.

Background: The number of individuals turning to cycling for physical activity and commuting has been expanding across the US. However, studies have demonstrated that when compared to motor vehicle accidents, cyclists in major cities have a significantly increased risk of injuries requiring hospitalizations. The purpose of this study was to assess if a correlation exists between the growing cyclist volume in a densely populated metropolitan city and prevalence of clavicle fractures requiring inpatient hospital admissions.

Total Joint Arthroplasty Is Associated With a Decreased Risk of Traumatic Falls: An Analysis of 499,094 Cases.

Introduction: The rate of traumatic falls in the aging cohort is estimated to increase across the United States. We sought to determine whether patients with lower extremity osteoarthritis (OA) who underwent total joint arthroplasty (TJA) had a reduced risk of falling compared with those with OA who did not undergo TJA.

Methods: The New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System database was queried from 2000 to 2015 to identify 499,094 cases with primary diagnosis of hip or knee OA.

Clinical and radiographic outcomes with a posteriorly augmented glenoid for Walch B2, B3, and C glenoids in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to quantify the clinical and radiographic outcomes of patients with severe posterior glenoid wear who were treated with reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) and a posterior augmented baseplate.

Methods: A total of 67 primary rTSA patients with osteoarthritis and posterior glenoid wear were treated with an 8° posterior augmented glenoid baseplate. All patients had a Walch B2, B3, or C glenoid, 2-year minimum follow-up, and mean follow-up of 40 months.

Preoperative Bariatric Surgery Utilization Is Associated With Increased 90-day Postoperative Complication Rates After Total Joint Arthroplasty.

Background: This study evaluates the incidence of bariatric surgery (BS) before total joint arthroplasty (TJA) in New York State and compares patient comorbidities and 90-day postoperative complications of patients with and without BS before TJA.

Methods: The NY Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System database between 2005 and 2014 was reviewed and 343,710 patients with TJA were identified. Patients were stratified into the following three cohorts: group 1 (patients who underwent BS < 2 years before TJA [N = 1,478]); group 2 (obese patients without preoperative BS [N = 60,259]); and group 3 (nonobese patients without preoperative BS [N = 281,973]).

Access to Elective Orthopaedic Surgery After the Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansion: The New York State Experience.

Background: As part of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, states were given the option of expanding Medicaid coverage to include adults younger than age 65 years with income at or below 138% of the federal poverty level. Although this expansion was intended to provide health care coverage to an estimated 20 million Americans, several studies have shown increased coverage does not equate to increased access to care by specialty providers.

Methods: We queried the New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System database and identified all patients who underwent the 10 most common elective orthopaedic surgeries from January 1, 2012, through March 31, 2016.

Treatment for Symptomatic SLAP Tears in Middle-Aged Patients Comparing Repair, Biceps Tenodesis, and Nonoperative Approaches: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.

Purpose: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of nonoperative management, primary SLAP repair, and primary biceps tenodesis for the treatment of symptomatic isolated type II SLAP tear.

Methods: A microsimulation Markov model was constructed to compare 3 strategies for middle-aged patients with symptomatic type II SLAP tears: SLAP repair, biceps tenodesis, or nonoperative management. A failed 6-month trial of nonoperative treatment was assumed.

Trends and Risk Factors for 1-Year Revision of the Latarjet Procedure: The New York State Experience During the Past Decade.

Little research has been conducted evaluating surgical trends during the past 10 years and subsequent procedure risk factors for patients undergoing bone-blocking procedures for the treatment of anterior shoulder instability. The Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System database was queried between 2003 and 2014 to identify patients undergoing soft tissue or bone-blocking procedures for anterior shoulder instability in New York. Patient demographics and 1-year subsequent procedures were analyzed.

Preoperative Bariatric Surgery and the Risk of Readmission Following Total Joint Replacement.

The purpose of this study was to compare nonelective and all-cause readmission rates and to identify risk factors for readmission of total joint arthroplasty (TJA) patients who had preoperative bariatric surgery (BS) compared with TJA patients without preoperative BS. The New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System database was queried to identify 343,710 TJA patients between 2005 and 2014. Three patient groups were evaluated: group 1 (patients with preoperative BS within 2 years of TJA [N=1478]); group 2 (obese patients without preoperative BS [N=60,259]); and group 3 (nonobese patients without preoperative BS [N=281,973]).

Race and Ethnicity Have a Mixed Effect on the Treatment of Tibial Plateau Fractures.

Objectives: To determine whether racial or economic disparities are associated with short-term complications and outcomes in tibial plateau fracture care.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: All New York State hospital admissions from 2000 to 2014, as recorded by the New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System database.

Joint Replacement Volume Positively Correlates With Improved Hospital Performance on Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Quality Metrics.

Background: The Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) is transitioning Medicare from a fee-for-service program into a value-based pay-for-performance program. In order to accomplish this goal, CMS initiated 3 programs that attempt to define quality and seek to reward high-performing hospitals and penalize poor-performing hospitals. These programs include (1) penalties for hospital-acquired conditions (HACs), (2) penalties for excess readmissions for certain conditions, and (3) performance on value-based purchasing (VBP).