Prenatal Arsenic Exposure on DNA Methylation of and Genes of Newborns from the POSGRAD Birth Cohort Study.

Exposure to arsenic (As) is a public health problem associated with cancer (skin and colon) and it has been reported that epigenetic changes may be a potential mechanism of As carcinogenesis. It is pertinent to evaluate this process in genes that have been associated with cancer, such as and Gestation and delivery data were obtained from the POSGRAD study. Exposure to As was measured in urine during pregnancy.

Association between consumption of nonessential energy-dense food and body mass index among Mexican school-aged children: a prospective cohort study.

Background/objectives: Obesity prevalence in Mexican children has increased rapidly and is among the highest in the world. We aimed to estimate the longitudinal association between nonessential energy-dense food (NEDF) consumption and body mass index (BMI) in school-aged children 5 to 11 years, using a cohort study with 6 years of follow-up.

Subjects/methods: We studied the offspring of women in the Prenatal omega-3 fatty acid supplementation, child growth, and development (POSGRAD) cohort study.

Effect of ultra-processed food intake on metabolic syndrome components and body fat in children and adolescents: A systematic review based on cohort studies.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to thoroughly review the scientific literature related to cohort studies that evaluated the association between the intake of ultra-processed foods, according to the NOVA classification, and the increase in the components of metabolic syndrome and body fat in children and adolescents.

Methods: We consulted the PubMed, Scielo, Lilacs, and ScienceDirect databases and selected cohort studies that met the main objective of this review and included the age group of interest. We used an adaptation of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale to evaluate cohort studies.

Association between consumption of nonessential energy-dense food and body mass index among Mexican school-aged children: A prospective cohort study.

Background/objectives: Obesity prevalence in Mexican children has increased rapidly and is among the highest in the world. We aimed to estimate the longitudinal association between nonessential energy-dense food (NEDF) consumption and body mass index (BMI) in school-aged children 5 to 11 years, using a cohort study with 6 years of follow-up.

Subjects/methods: We studied the offspring of women in the Prenatal omega-3 fatty acid supplementation, child growth, and development (POSGRAD) cohort study.

Short-Term Ambient Air Ozone Exposure and Components of Metabolic Syndrome in a Cohort of Mexican Obese Adolescents.

Ambient air pollution is a major global public health concern; little evidence exists about the effects of short-term exposure to ozone on components of metabolic syndrome in young obese adolescents. The inhalation of air pollutants, such as ozone, can participate in the development of oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, insulin resistance, endothelium dysfunction, and epigenetic modification. Metabolic alterations in blood in components of metabolic syndrome (MS) and short-term ambient air ozone exposure were determined and evaluated longitudinally in a cohort of 372 adolescents aged between 9 to 19 years old.

Docosahexaenoic Acid Effect on Prenatal Exposure to Arsenic and Atopic Dermatitis in Mexican Preschoolers.

Childhood atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and recurrent health problem that involves multiple factors, particularly immunological and environmental. We evaluated the impact of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation on prenatal arsenic exposure on the risk of atopic dermatitis in preschool children as part of the POSGRAD (Prenatal Omega-3 fatty acid Supplements, GRowth, And Development) clinical trial study in the city of Morelos, Mexico. Our study population included 300 healthy mother-child pairs.

[Pesticide residues in food: health risk and regulation in Veracruz, Mexico].

Objective. Evaluate compliance with the maximum permissible limits for pesticide residues in food in the state of Veracruz, as well as the risk to human health due to its consumption. Materials and methods.

Modification of the association by sex between the prenatal exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and fat percentage in a cohort of Mexicans schoolchildren.

Introduction: Children's overweight and obesity are global public health problems, children with obesity have grater obesity risk as adults, thus leading to develop cardiometabolic diseases. Previous studies have found positive and significant associations between the exposure to phthalates and body mass index and body composition.

Objective: To evaluate the modification of the association by sex between DEHP exposure during pregnancy and the percentage of body fat in a cohort of Mexican schoolchildren.

Maternal FADS2 single nucleotide polymorphism modified the impact of prenatal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation on child neurodevelopment at 5 years: Follow-up of a randomized clinical trial.

Background: Variability in the FADS2 gene, which codifies the Delta-6 Desaturases and modulates the conversion of essential n-3 and n-6 fatty acids into long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, might modify the impact of prenatal supplementation with n-3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on neurodevelopment.

Objective: To assess if maternal FADS2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) modified the effect of prenatal DHA on offspring development at 5 years.

Design: We conducted a post-hoc interaction analysis of the POSGRAD randomized controlled trial (NCT00646360) of prenatal supplementation with algal-DHA where 1094 pregnant women originally randomized to 400 mg/day of preformed algal DHA or a placebo from gestation week 18-22 through delivery.

Infant Metabolome in Relation to Prenatal DHA Supplementation and Maternal Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism rs174602: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial in Mexico.

Background: Although DHA (22:6n-3) is critical for fetal development, results from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of prenatal DHA supplementation report inconsistent effects on offspring health. Variants in fatty acid desaturase (FADS) genes that regulate the conversion of n-3 and n-6 essential fatty acids into their biologically active derivatives may explain this heterogeneity.

Objectives: We investigated the effect of prenatal DHA supplementation on the offspring metabolome at age 3 mo and explored differences by maternal FADS single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs174602.

Pro-Inflammatory Diet Is Associated with Adiposity during Childhood and with Adipokines and Inflammatory Markers at 11 Years in Mexican Children.

There is limited evidence about the inflammatory potential of diet in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the Children's Dietary Inflammatory Index (C-DII) from 5 to 11 years with adiposity and inflammatory biomarkers in Mexican children. We analyzed 726 children from a birth cohort study with complete dietary information and measurements to evaluate adiposity at 5, 7 and 11 y and 286 children with IL-6, hsCRP, leptin and adiponectin information at 11 y.

Prenatal exposure to VOCs and NOx and lung function in preschoolers.

Background: Several studies have shown that exposure to air pollutants affects lung growth and development and can result in poor respiratory health in early life.

Methods: We included a subsample of 772 Mexican preschoolers whose mothers participated in a Prenatal Omega-3 fatty acid Supplements, GRowth, And Development birth cohort study with the aim to evaluate the impact of prenatal exposure to volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides on lung function measured by oscillation tests. The preschoolers were followed until 5 years of age.

Height Trajectory During Early Childhood Is Inversely Associated with Fat Mass in Later Childhood in Mexican Boys.

Background: Childhood obesity continues to be a global health problem. Previous research suggests that linear growth retardation or stunting during early childhood increases the risk of obesity, but others have reported that rapid linear growth poses a greater concern than early nutritional status.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine if growth trajectories are associated with body composition at age 8-10 y.

Prenatal Exposure to Endocrine Disruptors and Cardiometabolic Risk in Preschoolers: A Systematic Review Based on Cohort Studies.

Background: Follow-up studies have reported both positive and negative associations between prenatal exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and some anthropometric indicators of overweight and obesity in children. However, few studies have evaluated the effect of this exposure on cardiometabolic risk factors in preschool-age children. The health and disease development paradigm (DOHaD) proposes that the physiological and metabolic adaptations triggered by the exposure to these compounds, coupled with postnatal conditions, can modify the risk of disease.

Prenatal Exposure to Nitrogen Oxides and its Association with Birth Weight in a Cohort of Mexican Newborns from Morelos, Mexico.

Background: The Child-Mother binomial is potentially susceptible to the toxic effects of pollutants because some chemicals interfere with placental transfer of nutrients, thus affecting fetal development, and create an increased the risk of low birth weight, prematurity and intrauterine growth restriction.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of prenatal exposure to nitrogen oxides (NOx) on birth weight in a cohort of Mexican newborns.

Methodology: We included 745 mother-child pair participants of the POSGRAD cohort study.

Genetic-Epigenetic Interactions in Asthma Revealed by a Genome-Wide Gene-Centric Search.

Objectives: There is evidence to suggest that asthma pathogenesis is affected by both genetic and epigenetic variation independently, and there is some evidence to suggest that genetic-epigenetic interactions affect risk of asthma. However, little research has been done to identify such interactions on a genome-wide scale. The aim of this studies was to identify genes with genetic-epigenetic interactions associated with asthma.

Maternal obesity leads to long-term altered levels of plasma ceramides in the offspring as revealed by a longitudinal lipidomic study in children.

Background/objectives: Maternal obesity is associated with increased risk of obesity and other symptoms of the metabolic syndrome in the offspring. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms and cellular factors underlying this enhanced disease susceptibility remain to be determined. Here, we aimed at identifying changes in plasma lipids in offspring of obese mothers that might underpin, and serve as early biomarkers of, their enhanced metabolic disease risk.

Effect of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation combined with lifestyle intervention on adipokines and biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction in obese adolescents with hypertriglyceridemia.

Obesity in adolescents is considered a major public health problem; combined interventional approaches such as omega-3 supplementation with lifestyle intervention (LI) might exert synergistic effects and exceed the impact of each individual strategy. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate if the supplementation of omega-3 with LI could improve metabolic and endothelial abnormality in obese adolescents with hypertriglyceridemia. The study involved sixty-nine adolescents with normal weight and seventy obese adolescents with hypertriglyceridemia.

Gene Coexpression Networks in Whole Blood Implicate Multiple Interrelated Molecular Pathways in Obesity in People with Asthma.

Objective: Asthmatic children who develop obesity through adolescence have poorer disease outcomes compared with those who do not. This study aimed to characterize the biology of childhood asthma complicated by adult obesity.

Methods: Gene expression networks are powerful statistical tools for characterizing human disease that leverage the putative coregulatory relationships of genes to infer relevant biological pathways.

Relative Weight Gain Through Age 4 Years Is Associated with Increased Adiposity, and Higher Blood Pressure and Insulinemia at 4-5 Years of Age in Mexican Children.

Background: Rapid early weight gain has been associated with increased risk of obesity and cardiometabolic alterations, but evidence in low and middle-income countries is inconclusive.

Objective: We evaluated the relation between relative weight gain from 1 to 48 mo with adiposity and cardiometabolic risk factors at 4-5 y of age, and determined if adiposity is a mediator for cardiometabolic alterations.

Methods: We studied 428 Mexican children with anthropometric and blood pressure (BP) information from birth to 5 y of age from POSGRAD (Prenatal Omega-3 fatty acid Supplementation and child GRowth And Development), of whom 334 provided measures of adiposity and cardiometabolic risk markers at 4 y.

Prenatal exposure to environmental pollutants and child development trajectories through 7 years.

Background: Prenatal exposure to environmental pollutants such as mold, lead, pesticides, tobacco, and air pollutants has been suggested to impair cognitive development. Evidence is needed from longitudinal studies to understand their joint impact on child development across time.

Objective: To study associations between exposure to indoor environmental pollutants or outdoor air pollution during pregnancy and offspring cognitive development trajectories through 7 years.

[Oxidative stress, lung function and exposure to air pollutants in Mexican schoolchildren with and without asthma].

Objective.: To assess the association between the air pollutants exposure on markers of oxidative stress and lung function in schoolchildren with and without asthma from Salamanca and Leon Guanajuato, Mexico.

Materials And Methods: We realized determinations of oxidative stress biomarkers and lung function tests in 314 schoolchildren.

Prenatal Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation Does Not Affect Nonfasting Serum Lipid and Glucose Concentrations of Offspring at 4 Years of Age in a Follow-Up of a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial in Mexico.

Background: Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has regulatory effects on lipid and glucose metabolism. Differences in DHA availability during specific developmental windows may program metabolic changes.

Objective: We investigated the effects of maternal DHA supplementation during pregnancy on the nonfasting serum lipid and glucose concentrations of offspring at 4 y of age.

Gene Expression Profiling in Blood Provides Reproducible Molecular Insights into Asthma Control.

Rationale: Maintaining optimal symptom control remains the primary objective of asthma treatment. Better understanding of the biologic underpinnings of asthma control may lead to the development of improved clinical and pharmaceutical approaches.

Objectives: To identify molecular pathways and interrelated genes whose differential expression was associated with asthma control.