Primary and residual cardiometabolic risk factors among young adults in a Russian city.

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of mortality and a significant contributor to temporary and permanent disabilities worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the burden of primary and residual cardiometabolic risk factors in a sample of young adults in the Russian city of Kazan.

Methods: This case-control study used the Cardiometabolic Disease Staging (CMDS) classification system, which has been validated in several countries.

Heterogeneous Comorbidity in Individuals With Different Phenotypes of Obesity.

Introduction The prevalence of obesity is steadily increasing worldwide. Obesity is one of the most potent risk factors for various diseases and is simultaneously a heterogeneous condition. Different types of obesity could be identified according to body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and visceral fat level; these conditions may present individually or in combination and pose a risk of developing certain comorbidities.