Effects of glycerol on enzymatic hydrolysis and ethanol production using sugarcane bagasse pretreated by acidified glycerol solution.

In this study, for the first time the effects of glycerol on enzymatic hydrolysis and ethanol fermentation were investigated. Enzymatic hydrolysis was inhibited slightly with 2.0 wt% glycerol, leading to reduction in glucan digestibility from 84.

Laboratory and pilot scale pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse by acidified aqueous glycerol solutions.

Pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse with acidified aqueous glycerol solution was evaluated at both laboratory and pilot scales. Laboratory scale pretreatment (4.00 g dry mass in 40.

Aging effects on macadamia nut oil studied by electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry.

High-resolution electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry is successfully used in the detailed molecular analysis of aged macadamia nut oils. The results are consistent with peroxide values, the current industry measure for rancidity, and provide detailed molecular information on the oxidative and hydrolytic degeneration of such oils. Mass analysis of macadamia oil samples stored for extended periods at 6 °C revealed that oils obtained by the cold press method are more susceptible to aging than those obtained using modified Soxhlet or accelerated solvent extraction methods.

Application of high performance anion exchange-pulsed amperometric detection to measure the activity of key sucrose metabolising enzymes in sugarcane.

A novel method using an HPAE-PAD system, which is routinely applied to detect carbohydrates at low levels (ng per sample injection), has been applied to the measurement of key sucrose metabolising enzyme activities in partially purified extracts of sugarcane tissues. Extraction and assay procedures tailored for the HPAE-PAD system enabled the accurate measurement of enzyme activities in more mature internodes than had previously been possible using enzyme coupled assay methodology. A major advantage of the HPAE-PAD method is the capability to monitor a broad range of sugars in each assay and provides an overarching perspective of the mix of competing enzymes that may be operating simultaneously in crude extracts.

Racial and ethnic differences in advanced-stage prostate cancer: the Prostate Cancer Outcomes Study.

Background: African-Americans have twice the risk of non-Hispanic whites for presenting with advanced-stage prostate cancer. To investigate the reasons for this difference, we evaluated the association between race/ethnicity and advanced-stage prostate cancer, adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, clinical, and pathologic factors.

Methods: A population-based cohort of 3173 men diagnosed with prostate cancer between October 1, 1994, and October 31, 1995, was analyzed.

Relative effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of methods of androgen suppression in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer.

Objectives: With 184,500 new cases and 39,200 deaths anticipated in 1998, prostate cancer is second only to lung cancer in cancer mortality for men. This report is a systematic review of the evidence from randomized controlled trials on the relative effectiveness of alternative strategies for androgen suppression as treatment of advanced prostate cancer. Three key issues are addressed: (1) the relative effectiveness of the available methods for monotherapy (orchiectomy, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone [LHRH] agonists, and antiandrogens), (2) the effectiveness of combined androgen blockade compared to monotherapy, and (3) the effectiveness of immediate androgen suppression compared to androgen suppression deferred until clinical progression.