Charting Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia: Epidemiological Insights, Risk Factors and Prevention Pathways.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia, is a complex and multifactorial condition without cure at present. The latest treatments, based on anti-amyloid monoclonal antibodies, have only a modest effect in reducing the progression of cognitive decline in AD, whereas the possibility of preventing AD has become a crucial area of research. In fact, recent studies have observed a decrease in dementia incidence in developed regions such as the US and Europe.

A novel abbreviated version of the Luria neuropsychological diagnosis battery: reliability and convergent validity in Spanish older adults.

Objective: To estimate the test-retest and inter-rater reliability of the new Spanish abbreviated version of the Luria Neuropsychological Diagnosis (DNA-2) battery for older adults.

Method: A total of thirty cognitively healthy volunteers were examined in this study. The participants completed a comprehensive standardized assessment, encompassing cognitive and functional performance.

An Environmental Scan of Tools That Help Individuals Living With Mild Cognitive Impairment or Neurocognitive Disorders Achieve Their Preferred Health or Well-Being.

Background And Objectives: Older adults experiencing neurocognitive disease (NCD) contend with complex care often characterized by high emotional strain. Mitigating complex care with decision support tools can clarify options. When used in conjunction with the practice of shared decision making (SDM), these tools can improve satisfaction and confidence in treatment.

Medical help-seeking intentions among patients with early Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Limited information is available on the active process of seeking medical help in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) at early stages. The aim of this study was to assess the phenomenon of medical help-seeking in early AD and to identify associated factors.

Methods: A multicenter, non-interventional study was conducted including patients of 50-90 years of age with prodromal or mild AD (National Institute on Aging/Alzheimer's Association criteria), a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score ≥ 22, and a Clinical Dementia Rating-Global score (CDR-GS) of 0.

Static first-minute-frame (FMF) PET imaging after F-labeled amyloid tracer injection is correlated to [F]FDG PET in patients with primary progressive aphasia.

Objective: To study the correlation between a static PET image of the first-minute-frame (FMF) acquired with F-labeled amyloid-binding radiotracers and brain [F]FDG PET in patients with primary progressive aphasia (PPA).

Material And Methods: The study cohort includes 17 patients diagnosed with PPA with the following distribution: 9 nonfluent variant PPA, 4 logopenic variant PPA, 1 semantic variant PPA, 3 unclassifiable PPA. Regional SUVRs are extracted from FMFs and their corresponding [F]FDG PET images and Pearson's correlation coefficients are calculated.

Differences in Striatal Metabolism in [F]FDG PET in Parkinson's Disease and Atypical Parkinsonism.

Neurodegenerative parkinsonisms affect mainly cognitive and motor functions and are syndromes of overlapping symptoms and clinical manifestations such as tremor, rigidness, and bradykinesia. These include idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) and the atypical parkinsonisms, namely progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), corticobasal degeneration (CBD), multiple system atrophy (MSA) and dementia with Lewy body (DLB). Differences in the striatal metabolism among these syndromes are evaluated using [F]FDG PET, caused by alterations to the dopaminergic activity and neuronal loss.

Quality of Life and the Experience of Living with Early-Stage Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: There is a need to better understand the experience of patients living with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the early stages.

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the perception of quality of life in patients with early-stage AD.

Methods: A multicenter, non-interventional study was conducted including patients of 50-90 years of age with prodromal or mild AD, a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score ≥22, and a Clinical Dementia Rating-Global score (CDR-GS) of 0.

Hereditary cerebral small vessel disease: Assessment of a HTRA1 variant using protein stability predictors and 3D modelling.

Cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CARASIL) is an autosomal recessive vascular disorder caused by biallellic variants in HTRA1. Recently, it has been reported that several heterozygous mutations in HTRA1 are responsible for a milder late-onset cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. The majority of them are missense that affects the Htr1A protease activity due to a dominant-negative effect caused by defective trimerization or monomer activation.

Awareness of Diagnosis in Persons with Early-Stage Alzheimer's Disease: An Observational Study in Spain.

Introduction: Limited information is available on people's experiences of living with Alzheimer's disease (AD) at earlier stages. This study assessed awareness of diagnosis among people with early-stage AD and its impact on different person-centered outcome measures.

Methods: We conducted an observational, cross-sectional study in 21 memory clinics in Spain.

Heterozygous and Homozygous Variants in Gene in Alzheimer's Disease Patients: Clinical, Neuroimaging and Neuropathological Findings.

In the last few years, the SORL1 gene has been strongly implicated in the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We performed whole-exome sequencing on 37 patients with early-onset dementia or family history suggestive of autosomal dominant dementia. Data analysis was based on a custom panel that included 46 genes related to AD and dementia.

Increased YKL-40 but Not C-Reactive Protein Levels in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease.

Neuroinflammation is a common feature in Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's (PD) disease. In the last few decades, a testable hypothesis was proposed that protein-unfolding events might occur due to neuroinflammatory cascades involving alterations in the crosstalk between glial cells and neurons. Here, we tried to clarify the pattern of two of the most promising biomarkers of neuroinflammation in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in AD and PD.

Early-Onset Dementia Associated with a Heterozygous, Nonsense, and de novo Variant in the MBD5 Gene.

The haploinsufficiency of the methyl-binding domain protein 5 (MBD5) gene has been identified as the determinant cause of the neuropsychiatric disorders grouped under the name MBD5-neurodevelopment disorders (MAND). MAND includes patients with intellectual disability, behavioral problems, and seizures with a static clinical course. However, a few reports have suggested regression.

High Correlation of Static First-Minute-Frame (FMF) PET Imaging after F-Labeled Amyloid Tracer Injection with [F]FDG PET Imaging.

Dynamic early-phase PET images acquired with radiotracers binding to fibrillar amyloid-beta (Aβ) have shown to correlate with [F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET images and provide perfusion-like information. Perfusion information of static PET scans acquired during the first minute after radiotracer injection (FMF, first-minute-frame) is compared to [F]FDG PET images. FMFs of 60 patients acquired with [F]florbetapir (FBP), [F]flutemetamol (FMM), and [F]florbetaben (FBB) are compared to [F]FDG PET images.

Physical activity and risk of Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism in a prospective population-based study (NEDICES).

To investigate whether physical activity (PA) is a protective factor for the incidence of Parkinson's disease (PD) and parkinsonism after three years of follow-up. All participants of this study were obtained from the Neurological Disorders in Central Spain (NEDICES), a prospective population-based cohort survey of older subjects (≥65 years) that comprised 5278 census-based participants at baseline (1994-1995). A modified version of Rosow-Breslau questionnaire was applied to categorize PA into active versus sedentary group.

Expanding the clinical and genetic spectrum of -related disorders in family with personality disorder and frontotemporal dementia.

-variants associated with frontotemporal lobar degeneration have been described recently. In this study, we investigated a heterozygous in-frame duplication c.436_462dup p.

First patient with mosaic NOTCH3 gene pathogenic variant. Unrevealed mosaicisms and importance of their detection.

Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is an inherited small vessel disease caused predominantly by pathogenic variants in NOTCH3 gene. Neither germline nor somatic mosaicism has been previously published in NOTCH3 gene. CADASIL is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner; only rare cases have been associated with de novo pathogenic variants.

Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs as Candidates for the Prevention or Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: Do they Still Have a Role?

Purpose Of Review: To provide an updated analysis of the possible use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) as treatments for Alzheimer´s disease (AD).

Recent Findings: Neuroinflammation in AD is an active field of research, with increasing evidence from basic and clinical studies for an involvement of innate or adaptive immune responses in the pathophysiology of AD. Few clinical trials with anti-inflammatory drugs have been performed in the last decade, with negative results.

Cognitive Impairment Is a Common Comorbidity in Deceased COVID-19 Patients: A Hospital-Based Retrospective Cohort Study.

We analyzed the frequency of cognitive impairment (CI) in deceased COVID-19 patients at a tertiary hospital in Spain. Among the 477 adult cases who died after admission from March 1 to March 31, 2020, 281 had confirmed COVID-19. CI (21.

Decreased salivary lactoferrin levels are specific to Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Evidences of infectious pathogens in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains may suggest a deteriorated innate immune system in AD pathophysiology. We previously demonstrated reduced salivary lactoferrin (Lf) levels, one of the major antimicrobial proteins, in AD patients.

Methods: To assess the clinical utility of salivary Lf for AD diagnosis, we examine the relationship between salivary Lf and cerebral amyloid-β (Aβ) load using amyloid-Positron-Emission Tomography (PET) neuroimaging, in two different cross-sectional cohorts including patients with different neurodegenerative disorders.

Annexin A5 prevents amyloid-β-induced toxicity in choroid plexus: implication for Alzheimer's disease.

In Alzheimer's disease (AD) amyloid-β (Aβ) deposits may cause impairments in choroid plexus, a specialised brain structure which forms the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier. We previously carried out a mass proteomic-based study in choroid plexus from AD patients and we found several differentially regulated proteins compared with healthy subjects. One of these proteins, annexin A5, was previously demonstrated implicated in blocking Aβ-induced cytotoxicity in neuronal cell cultures.

Correction to: Platelet Proteomic Analysis Revealed Differential Pattern of Cytoskeletal- and Immune-Related Proteins at Early Stages of Alzheimer's Disease.

The original version of this article unfortunately contained some mistakes.

Kynurenic Acid Levels are Increased in the CSF of Alzheimer's Disease Patients.

Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is a product of the tryptophan (TRP) metabolism via the kynurenine pathway (KP). This pathway is activated in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer´s disease (AD). KYNA is primarily produced by astrocytes and is considered neuroprotective.

[F]-AV-1451 binding profile in chronic traumatic encephalopathy: a postmortem case series.

Introduction: Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a tauopathy associated to repetitive head trauma. There are no validated in vivo biomarkers of CTE and a definite diagnosis can only be made at autopsy. Recent studies have shown that positron emission tomography (PET) tracer AV-1451 (Flortaucipir) exhibits high binding affinity for paired helical filament (PHF)-tau aggregates in Alzheimer (AD) brains but relatively low affinity for tau lesions in other tauopathies like temporal lobal degeneration (FTLD)-tau, progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) or corticobasal degeneration (CBD).

Low Amyloid-PET Uptake in Iowa-Type Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy with Cerebral Venous Thrombosis.

Hereditary cerebral amyloid angiopathies (CAA) are rare disorders of early onset and severe course. We describe a 47-year-old patient with Iowa-type amyloid precursor protein (APP) mutation-related hereditary CAA that manifested with concomitant lobar hemorrhage and venous sinus thrombosis. To analyze the cerebral amyloid-β burden, an amyloid-PET was performed, demonstrating low cortical retention except for the calcarine cortex.