Effects of remote learning during COVID-19 lockdown on children's learning abilities and school performance: A systematic review.

This systematic review describes the effects of COVID-19 lockdowns on children's learning and school performance. A systematic search was conducted using three databases. A total of 1787 articles were found, and 24 articles were included.

Establishing the Relationship Between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Emotional Facial Expression Recognition Deficit: A Systematic Review.

Objective: In this review, we examined if there is a deficit in facial recognition of emotion (FER) in children, adolescents, and adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Background: Emotional regulation is impaired in ADHD. Although a facial emotion recognition deficit has been described in this condition, the underlying causal mechanisms remain unclear.

Experience of Subcutaneous Levetiracetam in Palliative Care.

Background: Seizures are common in palliative care patients and its control is essential in the management of these patients as it helps to reduce suffering at the end of life. Subcutaneous levetiracetam has been used off-license for seizure control in palliative care.

Objective: The objective of the study was to describe our experience with subcutaneous levetiracetam in two hospitals in Bogota, Colombia.

Dysautonomia in people with epilepsy: A scoping review.

Background: Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological diseases and has high morbidity and mortality. Multiple methods for assessing dysautonomia have been reported; however, the patient characteristics and epilepsy features that drive any method selection are unclear. People with epilepsy (PWE) can experience sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) and one reason can be dysautonomia.

Molecular Mimicry of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein in the Nervous System: A Bioinformatics Approach.

Introduction: The development of vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in record time to cope with the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to uncertainty about their use and the appearance of adverse neurological reactions. The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (SP) is used to produce neutralizing antibodies and stimulate innate immunity. However, considering the alterations in the nervous system (NS) caused by COVID- 19, cross-reactions are plausible.

Maternal Nutrition and Neurodevelopment: A Scoping Review.

In this scoping review, we examined the association between maternal nutrition during pregnancy and neurodevelopment in offspring. We searched the Pubmed and ScienceDirect databases for articles published from 2000 to 2020 on inadequate intake of vitamins (B12, folate, vitamin D, vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin K), micronutrients (cooper, iron, creatine, choline, zinc, iodine), macronutrients (fatty acids, proteins), high fat diets, ketogenic diets, hypercaloric diets, and maternal undernutrition. Some older relevant articles were included.

A systematic review of common genetic variation and biological pathways in autism spectrum disorder.

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction. Common genetic variation appears to play a key role in the development of this condition. In this systematic review, we describe the relationship between genetic variations and autism.

Caligula: a neuropsychiatric explanation of his madness.

Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus, better known as Caligula, (12 CE to 41 CE) was the third Roman emperor and ruled only four years. Throughout his life he experienced several traumatic events, and, in addition, historians mention some premorbid conditions that could cause him to become the monster that most historians know today. When Caligula was 25 years old, he suffered a near-fatal illness that turned his story around.

Noonan Syndrome with Multiple Lentigines and Mutation: A Case with Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines (NSML), previously known as LEOPARD syndrome, is a rare autosomal dominant disorder with an unknown prevalence. Characteristics of this disease include cutaneous, neurologic, and cardiologic abnormalities. In this case report, we present a 12-year-old girl who was admitted to the emergency department for acute-onset left weakness, unsteady gait, nausea, and vomiting.

Executive function in down syndrome children in Bogotá, Colombia.

The study aim was to characterize executive function in 114 children with Down syndrome from a reference institution in Bogotá, Colombia. Children were screened with the Battelle Developmental Inventory to establish their developmental age. Eighty children with an equivalent mental age of 2-5.

Cannabinoid Effects on Experimental Colorectal Cancer Models Reduce Aberrant Crypt Foci (ACF) and Tumor Volume: A Systematic Review.

Objective: Colorectal cancer represents a heavy burden for health systems worldwide, being the third most common cancer worldwide. Despite the breakthroughs in medicine, current chemotherapeutic options continue to have important side effects and may not be effective in preventing disease progression. Cannabinoids might be substances with possible therapeutic potential for cancer because they can attenuate the side effects of chemotherapy and have antiproliferative and antimetastatic effects.

Possible Genetic Determinants of Response to Phenytoin in a Group of Colombian Patients With Epilepsy.

Background: Epilepsy is a serious health problem worldwide. Despite the introduction of new antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) almost 30% of these patients have drug-resistant forms of the disease (DRE), with a significant increase in morbi-mortality.

Objective: Our objective was to assess the impact of some genetic factors and its possible association with treatment response and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to phenytoin in 67 adult Colombian patients with epilepsy.

Assessment of nutrition and learning skills in children aged 5-11 years old from two elementary schools in Chocó, Colombia.

Background: Malnutrition has been identified as a factor in growth and learning. The current study aimed to determine the nutritional status and basic learning skills of children from Chocó, Colombia.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 631 children aged 5-11 years from two schools, collecting anthropometric measurements, nutritional quality surveys and sociodemographic data.

Prevalence of hearing loss in a population of schoolchildren with Down syndrome from Bogotá, Colombia.

Introduction: Children with Down syndrome have a higher prevalence of hearing disorders, secondary to anatomical and physiological variations. No universal hearing screening is implemented in Colombia, so there are no data available on the prevalence of hearing loss in this population. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and type of such disorders in this population based on hearing tests.

Expectation of reward differentially modulates executive inhibition.

Background: Inhibitory control, a key modulatory component of cognition guiding strategy and behaviour, can be affected by diverse contingencies. We explore here the effect of expectation of reward over behavioural adjustment in a Stop Signal Task modulated by reward. We hypothesize that cognitive control is modulated by different expectation of the reward.

Désiré-Magloire Bourneville and his contributions to pediatric neurology.

Désiré-Magloire Bourneville ought to be thought of as the father of Pediatric Neurology for his significant contributions to the field. He worked as a physician, politician, writer, and editor. He was the first to describe the autosomal dominant genetic condition known as "tuberous sclerosis complex", after conducting an autopsy on a young female patient, where the main finding in the central nervous system was multiple dense tubers.

Standardizing music characteristics for the management of pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials.

Purpose: To evaluate if music characteristics like tempo, harmony, melody, instrumentation, volume, and pitch, as defined by musical theory, are described in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) evaluating the effects of music-listening on the quantified pain perception of adults, and if these characteristics influence music's overall therapeutic effect.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs evaluating music-listening for pain management on adults was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses statement. The databases Pubmed, Scopus, SCIELO, SpringerLink, Global Health Library, Cochrane, EMBASE, and LILACS were searched.

Psychiatric Disorders Secondary to Neurometabolic Disorders.

Some diseases secondary to inborn errors of metabolism are associated with psychiatric disorders or minor neurological symptoms. The existence of some cases with exclusively psychiatric symptoms represents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. The aim of this article is to describe seven treatable neurometabolic disorders that should be taken into account in the psychiatric consultation as they manifest with psychiatric symptoms that mask the organic origin of the disorder.

Safety liver profile of teriflunomide versus interferon β in multiple sclerosis: Systematic review and indirect comparison meta-analysis.

Objectives: To compare the liver safety profile of interferon β (IFN β) and teriflunomide in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Methods: A network meta-analysis was carried out following the Cochrane Collaboration methodology. All trials comparing all types of IFN β with teriflunomide, or disease-modifying drugs, or placebo in RRMS were included.

Leptin: role over central nervous system in epilepsy.

Adipose tissue is a dynamic organ with different effects on the body. Many of these effects are mediated by leptin, a hormone strongly involved in regulation of feeding and energy metabolism. It has an important role as a mediator of neuronal excitatory activity and higher brain functions.

Double trisomy (XXX+21 karyotype) in a six-year-old girl with down phenotype.

We describe a case of a six-year-old girl who presents multiple dysmorphic features characteristic of Down's syndrome. She has a significant general developmental delay, with a score that correspond to 32 months of developmental age. This delay is especially in language, with a very scant vocabulary.

Cognitive and Behavioral Disorders in Children with Neurofibromatosis Type 1.

Aim: The last systematic review of research on the behavior of children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) was in 2012. Since then, several important findings have been published. Therefore, the study aim was to synthesize recent relevant work related to this issue.

Human Immunoglobulin Versus Plasmapheresis in Guillain-Barre Syndrome and Myasthenia Gravis: A Meta-Analysis.

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and safety over a short time period of human intravenous immunoglobulin versus plasma exchange (PE) in the management of some autoimmune neurologic diseases. In addition, length of hospital stay and duration of ventilator support were compared.

Methods: Randomized controlled trials and analytical observational studies of more than 10 cases were reviewed.