Opening the Hysteresis Loop in Ferromagnetic FeGeTe Nanosheets Through Functionalization with TCNQ Molecules.

Ferromagnetic metal FeGeTe (FGT), whose structure exhibits weak van-der-Waals interactions between 5-atom thick layers, was subjected to liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE) in N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) to yield a suspension of nanosheets that were separated into several fractions by successive centrifugation at different speeds. Electron microscopy confirmed successful exfoliation of bulk FGT to nanosheets as thin as 6 nm. The ferromagnetic ordering temperature for the nanosheets gradually decreased with the increase in the centrifugation speed used to isolate the 2D material.

Onward to Better Surgery - the Critical Need for Improved Ex Vivo Testing and Training Methods.

Guided surgery has demonstrated significant improvements in patient outcomes in some disease processes. Interest in this field has led to substantial growth in the technologies under investigation. Most likely no single technology will prove to be "best," and combinations of macro- and microscale guidance-using radiological imaging navigation, probes (activatable, perfusion, and molecular-targeted; large- and small-molecule), autofluorescence, tissue intrinsic optical properties, bioimpedance, and other characteristics-will offer patients and surgeons the greatest opportunity for high-success/low-morbidity medical interventions.

Towards molecular controlled magnonics.

Magnonics is an emerging field broadly recognized as a paradigm shift for information technologies based on the use of spin waves. However, the low flexibility and variety of the existing systems still hamper their applications. Herein, we propose an unprecedented chemical approach to magnonics based on the creation of hybrid molecular/2D heterostructures.

Ultrasonic characterization of microstructural changes due to static recrystallization and grain growth in Inconel 625 and Inconel 718 superalloys.

In many metallic materials such as Inconel superalloys, the microstructure and grain size play an important role in their mechanical and physical properties and could impact the performance during long-term service at the operational temperature. Therefore, on-site detection of the microstructural transformation (such as recrystallization and grain growth) is of primary importance from a structural integrity point of view. Nondestructive evaluation methods such as the ultrasonic attenuation measurement offer a unique advantage that they can be used to evaluate the microstructure evolution of a component during fabrication or service operation.

On the Origin of the Above-Room-Temperature Magnetism in the 2D van der Waals Ferromagnet FeGaTe.

2D magnetic materials have attracted growing interest driven by their unique properties and potential applications. However, the scarcity of systems exhibiting magnetism at room temperature has limited their practical implementation into functional devices. Here we focus on the van der Waals ferromagnet FeGaTe, which exhibits above-room-temperature magnetism ( = 350-380 K) and strong perpendicular anisotropy.

Comparative study of the gut microbial communities collected by scraping and swabbing in a fish model: a comprehensive guide to promote non-lethal procedures for gut microbial studies.

In the present study, we propose the use of swabs in non-lethal sampling procedures to collect the mucosa-adhered gut microbiota from the posterior intestine of fish, and therefore, we compare the bacterial communities collected by conventional scraping and by swabbing methods. For this purpose, samples of the posterior intestine of rainbow trout () were collected first using the swabbing approach, and after fish euthanasia, by mucosa scraping. Finally, bacterial communities were compared by 16S rRNA gene Illumina sequencing.

Impact of the diet in the gut microbiota after an inter-species microbial transplantation in fish.

Inter-species microbial transplantations offer the possibility of transferring species-specific microbes and their associated functionality. As a conceptual approach, an intestinal microbiota transplant (IMT) between two marine carnivorous fish species that thrive in different environmental conditions was conducted: from donor Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to recipient gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), after obliterating its basal microbiota with an antibiotic treatment. To confirm that the gut microbiota was able to recover after antibiotics without the influence of the diet, a group of gilthead seabream not submitted to the IMT was kept fasted as an internal control.

Magnetic order in 2D antiferromagnets revealed by spontaneous anisotropic magnetostriction.

The temperature dependent order parameter provides important information on the nature of magnetism. Using traditional methods to study this parameter in two-dimensional (2D) magnets remains difficult, however, particularly for insulating antiferromagnetic (AF) compounds. Here, we show that its temperature dependence in AF MPS (M(II) = Fe, Co, Ni) can be probed via the anisotropy in the resonance frequency of rectangular membranes, mediated by a combination of anisotropic magnetostriction and spontaneous staggered magnetization.

Microbiome study of a coupled aquaponic system: unveiling the independency of bacterial communities and their beneficial influences among different compartments.

To understand the microbiome composition and interplay among bacterial communities in different compartments of a coupled freshwater aquaponics system growing flathead grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) and lettuces (Lactuca sativa), 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of the V3-V4 region was analysed from each compartment (fish intestine, water from the sedimentation tank, bioballs from the biological filter, water and biofilm from the hydroponic unit, and lettuce roots). The bacterial communities of each sample group showed a stable diversity during all the trial, except for the fish gut microbiota, which displayed lower alpha diversity values. Regarding beta diversity, the structure of bacterial communities belonging to the biofilm adhering to the hydroponic tank walls, bioballs, and lettuce roots resembled each other (weighted and unweighted UniFrac distances), while bacteria from water samples also clustered together.

The potential of a combination of pungent spices as a novel supplement in gilthead seabream () diets to aid in the strategic use of fish oil in aquafeeds: a holistic perspective.

This work studied the potential of a combination of pungent spices (capsicum, black pepper, ginger, and cinnamaldehyde) to be used as a supplement in diets of gilthead seabream (; 44.1 ± 4.2 g).

Assessment of open-field fluorescence guided surgery systems: implementing a standardized method for characterization and comparison.

Significance: Fluorescence guided surgery (FGS) has demonstrated improvements in decision making and patient outcomes for a wide range of surgical procedures. Not only can FGS systems provide a higher level of structural perfusion accuracy in tissue reconstruction cases but they can also serve for real-time functional characterization. Multiple FGS devices have been Food and Drug administration (FDA) cleared for use in open and laparoscopic surgery.

Dietary promotes skin and skin mucus defensive capacities in a marine fish model.

The present study explores the effects of two supplementation levels of (1.1% and 2.2%) as a probiotic in a reference low fish meal-based diet on the skin mucosal tissue in .

Trait-Specific Indirect Effects Underlie Variation in the Response of Spiders to Cannibalistic Social Partners.

AbstractIn cannibalistic species, selection to avoid conspecifics may stem from the need to avoid being eaten or to avoid competition. Individuals may thus use conspecific cues to modulate their behavior to such threats. Yet the nature of variation for such cues remains elusive.

Equivalent efficacy of indoor daylight and lamp-based 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy for treatment of actinic keratosis.

Background: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is widely used as a treatment for actinic keratoses (AK), with new sunlight-based regimens proposed as alternatives to lamp-based treatments. Prescribing indoor daylight activation could help address the seasonal temperature, clinical supervision, and access variability associated with outdoor treatments.

Objective: To compare the AK lesion clearance efficacy of indoor daylight PDT treatment (30 min of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) pre-incubation, followed by 2 h of indoor sunlight) versus a lamp-based PDT treatment (30 min of ALA preincubation, followed by 10 min of red light).

Debaryomyces hansenii supplementation in low fish meal diets promotes growth, modulates microbiota and enhances intestinal condition in juvenile marine fish.

Background: The development of a sustainable business model with social acceptance, makes necessary to develop new strategies to guarantee the growth, health, and well-being of farmed animals. Debaryomyces hansenii is a yeast species that can be used as a probiotic in aquaculture due to its capacity to i) promote cell proliferation and differentiation, ii) have immunostimulatory effects, iii) modulate gut microbiota, and/or iv) enhance the digestive function. To provide inside into the effects of D.

Hexagonal Hybrid Bismuthene by Molecular Interface Engineering.

High-quality devices based on layered heterostructures are typically built from materials obtained by complex solid-state physical approaches or laborious mechanical exfoliation and transfer. Meanwhile, wet-chemically synthesized materials commonly suffer from surface residuals and intrinsic defects. Here, we synthesize using an unprecedented colloidal photocatalyzed, one-pot redox reaction a few-layers bismuth hybrid of "electronic grade" structural quality.

Food determines ephemerous and non-stable gut microbiome communities in juvenile wild and farmed Mediterranean fish.

Novel insights were provided by contrasting the composition of wild and farmed fish gut microbiomes because the latter had essentially different environmental conditions from those in the wild. This was reflected in the gut microbiome of the wild Sparus aurata and Xyrichtys novacula studied here, which showed highly diverse microbial community structures, dominated by Proteobacteria, mostly related to an aerobic or microaerophilic metabolism, but with some common shared major species, such as Ralstonia sp. On the other hand, farmed non-fasted S.

Modulation of gut microbiota and intestinal immune response in gilthead seabream () by dietary bile salt supplementation.

Given their role in lipid digestion, feed supplementation with bile salts could be an economic and sustainable solution to alterations in adiposity and intestinal inflammation generated by some strategies currently used in aquaculture. An important part of the metabolism of bile salts takes place in the intestine, where the microbiota transforms them into more toxic forms. Consequently, we aimed to evaluate the gut immune response and microbial populations in gilthead seabream () fed a diet supplemented with a blend of bile salts with proven background as a regulator of lipid metabolism and fat content.

Exploring Spin-Phonon Coupling in Magnetic 2D Metal-Organic Frameworks.

Layered magnetic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are an emerging class of materials that can combine the advantages of both MOFs and 2D magnetic crystals. The recent discovery of large coercivity and long-range magnetic ordering up to 515 K in a layered MOF of general formula MCl(pyz) (M = transition metal, pyz = pyrazine) offers an exciting versatile platform to achieve high-T magnetism at the 2D limit. In this work, we investigate the exfoliation feasibility down to the monolayer of VCl(pyz) and CrCl(pyz) by means of first-principles calculations.

Effective fluence and dose at skin depth of daylight and lamp sources for PpIX-based photodynamic therapy.

Significance: Skin-based photodynamic therapy (PDT) is used for the clinical treatment of actinic keratosis (AKs) and other skin lesions with continued expansion into the standard of care. Due to the spectral dependency of photosensitizer activation and skin optical fluence, there is a need for more accurate methods to estimate the delivered dose at depth from different PDT light sources and treatment regimens.

Aim: Develop radiometric methods for calculating photosensitizer-effective fluence and dose at depth and determine differences between red-lamp, blue-lamp, and daylight-based PDT treatments.

3D-Printed Tumor Phantoms for Assessment of In Vivo Fluorescence Imaging Analysis Methods.

Purpose: Interventional fluorescence imaging is increasingly being utilized to quantify cancer biomarkers in both clinical and preclinical models, yet absolute quantification is complicated by many factors. The use of optical phantoms has been suggested by multiple professional organizations for quantitative performance assessment of fluorescence guidance imaging systems. This concept can be further extended to provide standardized tools to compare and assess image analysis metrics.

Tailoring spin waves in 2D transition metal phosphorus trichalcogenides atomic-layer substitution.

The family of two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals transition metal phosphorus trichalcogenides has received renewed interest due to their intrinsic 2D antiferromagnetism, which proves them as unprecedented and highly tunable building blocks for spintronics and magnonics at the single-layer limit. Herein, motivated by the exciting potential of atomic-substitution demonstrated by Janus transition metal dichalcogenides, we investigated the crystal, electronic and magnetic structures of selenized Janus monolayers based on MnPS and NiPS from first-principles. In addition, we calculated the magnon dispersion and performed real-time real-space atomistic dynamic simulations to explore the propagation of spin waves in MnPS, NiPS, MnPSSe and NiPSSe.

Magnon Straintronics in the 2D van der Waals Ferromagnet CrSBr from First-Principles.

The recent isolation of two-dimensional (2D) magnets offers tantalizing opportunities for spintronics and magnonics at the limit of miniaturization. One of the key advantages of atomically thin materials is their outstanding deformation capacity, which provides an exciting avenue to control their properties by strain engineering. Herein, we investigate the magnetic properties, magnon dispersion, and spin dynamics of the air-stable 2D magnetic semiconductor CrSBr ( = 146 K) under mechanical strain using first-principles calculations.

Potentiometric Electronic Tongue for Quantitative Ion Analysis in Natural Mineral Waters.

The present paper addresses the development and use of a new potentiometric electronic tongue for both qualitative and quantitative characterization of natural mineral waters. The electronic tongue is particularly related to the conductivity and ion content of/in the water sample. The analytical system is based on six ion-selective electrodes whose membranes are formulated to provide either cationic or anionic response and considering plasticizers with different dielectric constants (bis(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate, 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether or tricresylphosphate), while keeping the polymeric matrix, i.