Influenza in Adults Seeking Care at Seven European Emergency Departments: A Prospective Active Surveillance During the 2019-2020 Influenza Season.

Background: Influenza can be associated with nonrespiratory disease presentation, but these are less well documented due to the lack of routine testing for influenza in the healthcare system, especially if patients do not present with influenza-like illness (ILI). We aimed to measure the proportion of influenza cases seeking care at emergency department (ED) for a nontraumatic cause, to describe their clinical presentation and their ED-discharge diagnosis.

Methods: The study was conducted at seven hospitals in France, Spain, Italy and Germany during the 2019-20 influenza season, for a period of 10 weeks.

Impact of twelve immunization-preventable infectious diseases on population health using disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in Spain.

Background: The objective of this study is to estimate the burden of selected immunization-preventable infectious diseases in Spain using the Burden of Communicable Diseases in Europe (BCoDE) methodology, as well as focusing on the national immunization programme and potential new inclusions.

Methods: The BCoDE methodology relies on an incidence and pathogen-based approach to calculate disease burden via disability-adjusted life year (DALY) estimates. It considers short and long-term sequelae associated to an infection via outcome trees.

[Analysis of the efficiency of hospitals in Castilla y León (Spain)].

Objective: The analysis of efficiency represents an area of growing interest in the field of public management. Hospital efficiency depends mainly on the use that the institution makes of its resources and their cost. The importance of hospital efficiency studies is justified by the fact that health spending is the second most important item of public spending.

The impact of influenza vaccination on cardiovascular disease.

Influenza infection has been identified as a triggering or exacerbating factor for cardiovascular events. To analyse the effect of influenza vaccination on cardiovascular disease, a systematic search of studies published between 2009-2019 was conducted. All the studies that evaluated the effect of vaccination against influenza on cardiovascular events and their outcome were considered.

The impact of candidate influenza virus and egg-based manufacture on vaccine effectiveness: Literature review and expert consensus.

Introduction: Influenza is associated with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Whilst vaccination is key for the prevention of influenza infection, there are many factors which may contribute to reduced vaccine effectiveness, including antigenic evolution via both antigenic drift and egg-adaptations. Due to the currently dissociated and indirect evidence supporting both the occurrence of these two phenomena in the egg-based manufacturing process and their effects on vaccine effectiveness, this topic remains a subject of debate.

Quadrivalent cell culture influenza virus vaccine. Comparison to egg-derived vaccine.

Influenza virus infections pose a serious public health problem and vaccination is the most effective public health intervention against them. The current manufacture of influenza vaccines in embryonated chicken eggs entails significant limitations. These limitations have been overcome by producing vaccines in cell culture, which allow a faster and more flexible response to potential pandemic threats.

[Economic evaluation of pneumococcal vaccination in adults aged over 65 years in Castilla y León (SPAIN)].

Introduction: The burden of disease due to pneumonia in older adults has a major impact on health systems. The aim of this study is to carry out an economic evaluation of the vaccination strategy against Streptococcus pneumoniae using the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.

Material And Methods: A simulated economic model has been developed in the form of a decision tree to evaluate the cost of the vaccination strategy in the population over 65 years of the Valladolid-East Health Area, versus non-vaccination, using a Monte Carlo probabilistic analysis.

Seasonal influenza in Spain: Clinical and economic burden and vaccination programmes.

A literature review has been carried out to analyse the clinical burden, the economic impact of influenza and the efficiency of influenza vaccination programmes in Spain. The average incidence rate of influenza in Spain is 2,069 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, with a significant impact on mortality and a reduction of health-related quality of life. In terms of its associated costs, influenza causes a significant burden on primary care, hospitals, treatments and absences from work every year, which could total one billion euros per year.

Cell culture-derived flu vaccine: Present and future.

The benefit of influenza vaccines is difficult to estimate due to the complexity of accurately assessing the burden of influenza. To improve the efficacy of influenza vaccines, vaccine manufacturers have developed quadrivalent influenza vaccine (QIV) formulations for seasonal vaccination by including both influenza B lineages. Three parallel approaches for producing influenza vaccines are attracting the interest of many vaccine manufacturing companies.

[Burden of hospitalization for pneumonia in a Spanish tertiary hospital. Period 2009-2014].

Background: The aim of this paper is to estimate the burden of hospitalization for community-acquired pneumonia and pneumococcal pneumonia at a tertiary level hospital in the Spanish National Health System.

Methods: A retrospective study which compiles data from the Minimum Data Set using clinical codes of the International Code of Diseases, as well as the hospitalization rate index per thousand inhabitants, the hospitalization rate per thousand population, mortality and fatality rate, using as denominator the demographic data of the population of the Health Area.

Results: The discharge of 5758 episodes coded with CIE codes 480 to 486 related to pneumonia, indicates an hospitalization rate of 3.

Anti-infectives for systemic use prescribed in a Spanish hospital between 2009-2013.

The overuse and misuse of antimicrobials contribute to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The aim of this work was to analyse all the anti-infectives for systemic use (J ATC group) prescribed at the University Clinic Hospital of Valladolid (Spain) for the years 2009-2013. Amounts of anti-infectives (antibacterials, antifungals and antivirals) used in the period 2009-2013 were expressed as defined daily doses (DDDs) and as total expenditure, and the significance of the difference in consumption of anti-infectives and the relevant expenditure between years was evaluated from the overlapping of the corresponding confidence intervals at 95% confidence level of DDDs and expenditure.

[Burden of influenza virus type B and mismatch with the flu vaccine in Spain].

Introduction: Since the 80s two lineages of type B viruses are co - circulating in the world. Antigenic differences between them are important and it leads to lack of cross-reactivity. The impact on the burden of disease due to influenza B virus, poor foresight in estimating which of the two lineages of B viruses circulate in the season, and the consequent lack of immunity in case of including the wrong strain make that the availability of the quadrivalent vaccine is very useful.

Socio-economic modelling of rotavirus vaccination in Castilla y Leon, Spain.

Rotavirus is one of the main causes of acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children. Furthermore, rotavirus is the leading cause of hospitalization and death from acute gastroenteritis among infants and young children worldwide. Although death due to rotavirus is rare in industrialized regions such as Spain, the rotavirus disease burden and its economic impact is severe.

[Influenza (H1N1) 2009 in Castilla y Leon, Spain: hospitalized case studies and match with the protocols of action developed].

Background: In April 2009, the World Health Organization declared the emergence of human cases by a new influenza virus H1N1 as a Public Health Emergency of International Importance. Our objective was to analyze the characteristics of the cases investigated and to assess the compliance of the subjects studied with the indications and recommendations of the Health Regional Ministry of Health Castilla y León.

Methods: A descriptive epidemiological study of all positive cases and every requests made to Castilla y León, from epidemiological weeks 44 to 50, both included.

[Evaluation of the influenza a H1N1 vaccination in Castilla and Leon regions, Spain].

Background And Objectives: The recent approval of influenza A H1N1 monovalent vaccine has attracted considerable public health interest. The aim of this paper is to assess the development of vaccination campaign in Castilla y Leon.

Material And Method: We have performed a descriptive analysis of the number of vaccines given in Castilla y Leon from November 16, 2009 to January 17, 2010, inside the designed campaign for that purpose.