Evaluation of the Tobacco Heating System 2.2. Part 6: 90-day OECD 413 rat inhalation study with systems toxicology endpoints demonstrates reduced exposure effects of a mentholated version compared with mentholated and non-mentholated cigarette smoke.

The toxicity of a mentholated version of the Tobacco Heating System (THS2.2M), a candidate modified risk tobacco product (MRTP), was characterized in a 90-day OECD inhalation study. Differential gene and protein expression analysis of nasal epithelium and lung tissue was also performed to record exposure effects at the molecular level.

Evaluation of the Tobacco Heating System 2.2. Part 7: Systems toxicological assessment of a mentholated version revealed reduced cellular and molecular exposure effects compared with mentholated and non-mentholated cigarette smoke.

Modified risk tobacco products (MRTPs) are being developed with the aim of reducing smoking-related health risks. The Tobacco Heating System 2.2 (THS2.

An 8-Month Systems Toxicology Inhalation/Cessation Study in Apoe-/- Mice to Investigate Cardiovascular and Respiratory Exposure Effects of a Candidate Modified Risk Tobacco Product, THS 2.2, Compared With Conventional Cigarettes.

Smoking cigarettes is a major risk factor in the development and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Modified risk tobacco products (MRTPs) are being developed to reduce smoking-related health risks. The goal of this study was to investigate hallmarks of COPD and CVD over an 8-month period in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice exposed to conventional cigarette smoke (CS) or to the aerosol of a candidate MRTP, tobacco heating system (THS) 2.

Reduced efficacy of mesenchymal stromal cells in preventing graft-versus-host disease in an in vivo model of haploidentical bone marrow transplant with leukemia.

Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) immunosuppressive properties have been applied to treat graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCTs). We have previously demonstrated that MSC infusions early after haplo-HSCT prevent GVHD in a haploidentical-HSCT mouse model. Now, we investigated the impact that MSCs' immunosuppressive properties have on the graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect.

Prostaglandin E2 plays a key role in the immunosuppressive properties of adipose and bone marrow tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells.

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have important immunosuppressive properties, but the mechanisms and soluble factors involved in these effects remain unclear. We have studied prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2) as a possible candidate implied in adipose tissue-derived MSCs (Ad-MSCs) immunosuppressive properties over dendritic cells and T lymphocytes, compared to bone marrow derived MSCs (BM-MSCs). We found that both MSCs inhibited the maturation of myeloid-DCs and plasmocytoid-DCs.

High yield production of monomer-free chitosan oligosaccharides by pepsin catalyzed hydrolysis of a high deacetylation degree chitosan.

The high molecular weight of chitosan, which results in a poor solubility at neutral pH values and high viscosity aqueous solutions, limits its potential uses in the fields of food, health and agriculture. However, most of these limitations are overcome by chitosan oligosaccharides obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of the polymer. Several commercial enzymes with different original specificities were assayed for their ability to hydrolyze a 93% deacetylation degree chitosan and compared with a chitosanase.