Immune response and reactogenicity after immunization with two-doses of an experimental COVID-19 vaccine (CVnCOV) followed by a third-fourth shot with a standard mRNA vaccine (BNT162b2): RescueVacs multicenter cohort study.

Background: There is no evidence to date on immunogenic response among individuals who participated in clinical trials of COVID-19 experimental vaccines redirected to standard national vaccination regimens.

Methods: This multicentre, prospective controlled cohort study included subjects who received a COVID-19 experimental vaccine (CVnCoV)(test group, TG) - and unvaccinated subjects (control group, CG), selected among individuals to be vaccinated according to the Spanish vaccination program. All study subjects received BNT162b2 as a standard national vaccination schedule, except 8 (from CG) who received mRNA-1273 and were excluded from immunogenicity analyses.

[Seasonal flu vaccination for older people: Evaluation of the quadrivalent vaccine. Positioning report].

Influenza is a significant health problem, particularly in those persons susceptible to having associated complications, older people, children less than 2 years, patients with chronic diseases, immunocompromised patients, and pregnant women. But influenza also has a large impact on the health system, with an increase in the healthcare demand and a spectacular increase in outpatient visits, overloading the emergency and hospital services. During epidemic outbreaks, the hospital admission rates of people over 65 years are at a maximum, and the mortality notified for the 2017/2018 influenza season was 960 deaths.

[Seasonal flu vaccination for older people: Evaluation of the adjuvanted vaccine. Positioning report].

Flu is a major public health problem, particularly for older people, and creates an important clinical and economic burden. A high mortality rate was reported in Spain during the period 2015 to 2016; 3,101 serious cases were hospitalised with a confirmed diagnosis of flu, of which 11% died (352 cases). Furthermore, financial and health costs are greatly increased by the complications of flu; people aged over 65 years represent approximately 64% of the total costs.

[Flu vaccination in the elderly].

Seasonal flu is a very serious public health problem in the elderly due to its morbidity and mortality and financial and social costs arising from this. The aim of this review is to describe the magnitude and importance of seasonal flu in this population group, and its prevention by means of vaccination. For this reason, an updated account of the composition of the vaccine, its dosage and administration route, vaccine safety and the evaluation of the immunogenicity and effectiveness of vaccination.

[Vaccination coverage against Streptococcus pneumoniae in splenectomized patients in a fourth-level hospital (1999-2004)].

Introduction: Patients in whom the spleen has been removed have a higher risk of acquiring infection by capsulated microorganisms, particularly Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b, and Neisseria meningitidis.

Aims: Determine the vaccination coverage against S. pneumoniae of splenectomized patients in Hospital Clínico San Carlos (HCSC, Madrid) and to identify variables related to the level of vaccination coverage reached.

[Writing an original research article].

Publication of a scientific work is the final and obligatory stage of any research. Among the various existing types of medical publications, the research original article is the prototype of scientific article. Its finality is to communicate the investigation undertaken to the reader in a coherent, clear and precise manner.

[Choosing study design in urologic research].

The design of an epidemiological study includes the procedures, methods and techniques by which the researcher tries to obtain valid (avoiding systematic errors or bias) and precise (avoiding random errors) answers to the research question posed. This principal question aimed to be answered is the specific objective of the study, which guides the election of an adequate type of design. The objective of this article is to describe the classification criteria (finality, temporal sequence, directionality, and control of the assignation of different study factors) of the different types of epidemiological studies (experimental, almost-experimental, and observational) and the main advantages, disadvantages, utilities and objectives of each investigation design.