Biochemical Background in Mitochondria Affects 2HG Production by IDH2 and ADHFE1 in Breast Carcinoma.

Mitochondrial production of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) can be catalyzed by wild-type isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) and alcohol dehydrogenase, iron-containing 1 (ADHFE1). We investigated whether biochemical background and substrate concentration in breast cancer cells promote 2HG production. To estimate its role in 2HG production, we quantified 2HG levels and its enantiomers in breast cancer cells using analytical approaches for metabolomics.

Glucose-Induced Expression of DAPIT in Pancreatic β-Cells.

Transcript levels for selected ATP synthase membrane F-subunits-including DAPIT-in INS-1E cells were found to be sensitive to lowering glucose down from 11 mM, in which these cells are routinely cultured. Depending on conditions, the diminished mRNA levels recovered when glucose was restored to 11 mM; or were elevated during further 120 min incubations with 20-mM glucose. Asking whether DAPIT expression may be elevated by hyperglycemia in vivo, we studied mice with hyaluronic acid implants delivering glucose for up to 14 days.

Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 in Regulating Cancer Metabolism.

Nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NFE2)-related factor 2 (, or NRF2) is a transcription factor predominantly affecting the expression of antioxidant genes. NRF2 plays a significant role in the control of redox balance, which is crucial in cancer cells. NRF2 activation regulates numerous cancer hallmarks, including metabolism, cancer stem cell characteristics, tumor aggressiveness, invasion, and metastasis formation.

Treatment of non-atopic dermatitis with polarized UV-free polychromatic light: A case report.

Non-atopic dermatitis is a common inflammatory condition, which is potentially debilitating and can compromise life quality. Polarized ultraviolet-free polychromatic light is used as therapeutic option for the treatment of wound healing and dermatological conditions. It has not yet been tested in the management of non-atopic dermatitis.

The 12-HHT/BLT2/NO Axis Is Associated to the Wound Healing and Skin Condition in Different Glycaemic States.

Type 2 diabetes affects over 340 million people worldwide. This condition can go unnoticed and undiagnosed for years, leading to a late stage where high glycaemia produces complications such as delayed wound healing. Studies have shown that 12-HHT through BLT2, accelerates keratinocyte migration and wound healing.

Current Evidence for the Use of Smoflipid® Emulsion in Critical Care Patients for Parenteral Nutrition.

There are strong data showing that malnutrition is highly prevalent in intensive care unit patients (20-50% in the worldwide), presenting a negative accumulated body energy balance. This results in an increased mortality, infections, and hospital length stay with high costs associated with the total treatment. Parenteral nutrition is the first option when the patient's physical condition is not suitable for oral nutrient intake.

The streptozotocin-high fat diet induced diabetic mouse model exhibits severe skin damage and alterations in local lipid mediators.

Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) can go undiagnosed for years, leading to a stage where produces complications such as delayed skin wound healing. Animal models have been developed in the last decades to study the pathological progression in this disease. Streptozotocin (STZ), that has a selective pharmacological toxicity toward pancreatic β cells, in addition to high fat diet has been widely used to induce diabetes however no evidence has shown its effects on the skin integrity.

BLT2 expression improves skin integrity and protects from alterations caused by hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) can go undiagnosed for years, leading to a stage where chronic high blood sugar produces complications such as delayed wound healing. Reports have shown that BLT2 activation improves keratinocyte migration and wound healing, as well as protecting the epidermal barrier through the promotion of actin polymerization. The goal of this study was to elucidate the role of BLT2 expression in skin epithelial integrity in T2D.

A commentary on the 2015 Canadian Clinical Practice Guidelines in glutamine supplementation to parenteral nutrition.

Glutamine is one of the conditionally essential free amino acids with multiple biological functions. Its supplementation to parenteral nutrition has been widely used for the management of complications in intensive care. However, controversial clinical reports have generated reluctance in the use of this pharmaco-nutrient.

Increased RhoA/Rho-Kinase Activity and Markers of Endothelial Dysfunction in Young Adult Subjects with Metabolic Syndrome.

Background: Metabolic syndrome, a chronic condition associated with higher risk of cardiovascular diseases, is increasingly prevalent in young adults. Dyslipidemia, proinflammatory cytokines, endothelial dysfunction signs, and RhoA/Rho-kinase (ROCK) activation are considered risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. The occurrence of these factors in young patients with metabolic syndrome but without type 2 diabetes or hypertension has not been fully studied.