Five carbon- and nitrogen-bearing species in a hot giant planet's atmosphere.

The atmospheres of gaseous giant exoplanets orbiting close to their parent stars (hot Jupiters) have been probed for nearly two decades. They allow us to investigate the chemical and physical properties of planetary atmospheres under extreme irradiation conditions. Previous observations of hot Jupiters as they transit in front of their host stars have revealed the frequent presence of water vapour and carbon monoxide in their atmospheres; this has been studied in terms of scaled solar composition under the usual assumption of chemical equilibrium.

Prevalence and prognostic value of as the initial presentation of COVID-19 in the elderly with dementia: An Italian retrospective study.

Background: may be one of the presenting symptoms of COVID-19, complicating diagnosis and care of elderly patients with dementia. We aim to identify the prevalence and prognostic significance of as the sole onset manifestation of COVID-19.

Methods: This is a retrospective single-centre study based on review of medical charts, conducted during the outbreak peak (March 27-April 18, 2020) in a Lombard dementia facility, including 59 elderly subjects with dementia and laboratory-confirmed COVID-19.

Magnetic resonance imaging in central nervous system vasculitis in a patient affected by crioglobulin-negative hepatitis C virus infection: A likely correlation.

A 56-year-old man with behavioural disorders and facial-brachio-crural right hemiparesis presented with a brain lesion studied with computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and brain biopsy, leading to the diagnosis of cerebral vasculitis. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in a phase of activity, without cryoglobulins, was also detected. Brain biopsy, laboratory analysis and response to a specific therapy supported the diagnosis of central nervous system vasculitis that was HCV related.

Migraine with aura and white matter lesions: an MRI study.

Several studies report the presence of white matter lesions on brain magnetic resonance imaging in patients with migraine. The aim of our study was to detect the entity of white matter T2-hyperintensities in 90 high selected patients affected by migraine with aura, compared to a group of 90 healthy controls. We found no significant difference of incidence of white matter alterations comparing these two groups.

Migraine with aura white matter lesions: preliminary data on clinical aspects.

A few clinic-based magnetic resonance imaging studies report an increased risk of signal abnormalities in migraineurs brain's white matter, especially in migraine with aura subjects. A vascular genesis has been hypnotized and migraine with aura was considered an independent risk factor for stroke. Available data of magnetic resonance imaging alterations are often nonspecific and sometimes controversial.

Transcutaneous supraorbital neurostimulation for the prevention of chronic migraine: a prospective, open-label preliminary trial.

Since chronic migraine is difficult to treat and often associated with medication overuse, non-invasive neurostimulation approaches are worth investigating. Transcutaneous supraorbital neurostimulation using the Cefaly device is promising as a non-invasive preventive treatment for episodic migraine, but no data are available for chronic migraine. Our aim was to perform a preliminary evaluation of the efficacy of the Cefaly device for the prophylaxis of chronic migraine with or without medication overuse.

Good outcome in adult-onset Rasmussen's encephalitis syndrome: is recovery possible?

A healthy 29-year-old man suffered from adult-onset epilepsy, characterized by polymorphic progressive seizures resistant to AEDs, leading to unilateral cortical deficits and atrophy of the left hemisphere. The disorder satisfied the clinical, EEG, and imaging criteria for a diagnosis of Rasmussen's encephalitis. During the acute phase of the disease, intrathecal synthesis of specific anti-CMV IgG was identified.

Modified expression of Bcl-2 and SOD1 proteins in lymphocytes from sporadic ALS patients.

Markers of oxidative stress have been found in spinal cord, cortex, cerebrospinal fluid, and plasma of SALS patients. Mitochondrial and calcium metabolism dysfunction were also found in peripheral lymphocytes from SALS patients. In this study, we demonstrate that lymphocytes from SALS patients are more prone to undergo alteration of cell membrane integrity both in basal conditions and following oxidative stress induced by H2O2 treatment.