Enhanced Succinate Oxidation with Mitochondrial Complex II Reactive Oxygen Species Generation in Human Prostate Cancer.

The transformation of prostatic epithelial cells to prostate cancer (PCa) has been characterized as a transition from citrate secretion to citrate oxidation, from which one would anticipate enhanced mitochondrial complex I (CI) respiratory flux. Molecular mechanisms for this transformation are attributed to declining mitochondrial zinc concentrations. The unique metabolic properties of PCa cells have become a hot research area.

Case of recurrent superficial CD34-positive fibroblastic tumor.

Superficial CD34-positive fibroblastic tumor (SCPFT) is a recently described rare superficial mesenchymal tumor. SCPFT has a distinctive morphologic appearance, marked by significant nuclear pleomorphism, low mitotic rate, and diffuse CD34 positivity. SCPFT is underdiagnosed because of its rarity and misdiagnosis as sarcoma, with very few reported cases of local recurrence or metastasis.

Superficial CD34-positive fibroblastic tumor (SCPFT): A review of pathological and clinical features.

Superficial CD34-positive fibroblastic tumor (SCPFT) is a recently described rare mesenchymal tumor of borderline malignancy. It generally involves superficial soft tissue, with a predilection to the lower extremities. Microscopically this tumor is characterized by a fascicular and storiform growth pattern, spindled to epithelioid cells, nuclear atypia with pleomorphism, and eosinophilic granular, and fibrillar to glassy cytoplasm.

Pleomorphic giant cell carcinoma of prostate: Rare tumor with unique clinicopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular features.

Pleomorphic giant cell carcinoma (PGCC) of the prostate is a rare entity categorized as a variant of prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma in the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification system. PGCC differs from conventional prostatic adenocarcinoma by having bizarre, markedly enlarged, and pleomorphic cells. It differs from high grade urothelial carcinoma by negativity for urothelial differentiation markers, and can be distinguished from sarcomatoid carcinoma by lack of spindle cells.

Leiomyoma of digit of hand: Report of three cases with literature review.

Leiomyoma is a benign tumor of smooth muscle origin most common in areas of the body with abundant smooth muscle including the gynecologic, genitourinary, and gastrointestinal system. Leiomyoma outside of these locations is believed to arise from vascular smooth muscle and arrector pili muscles. Leiomyoma of an extremity is a rare diagnosis, especially when present in a digit of the hand due to the paucity of smooth muscle in this location.

Anastomosing Hemangioma of the Breast: An Unusual Case at an Unusual Site.

Anastomosing hemangioma (AH) is an unusual benign vascular lesion that commonly occurs in the kidney and genitourinary tract. We report a case of AH in a 49-year-old woman presenting as a mass in the breast, a site which, to the best of our knowledge, has not been previously documented in the English literature. Microscopic examination of the mass revealed a well-demarcated proliferation of anastomosing vascular spaces lined by bland endothelial cells, with focal hobnailing and scattered intravascular fibrin thrombi.

Solitary Fibrous Tumor of Breast with Anaplastic Areas (Malignant Solitary Fibrous Tumor): A Case Report with Review of Literature.

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a rare, soft tissue neoplasm that rarely presents in breast tissue, with only 27 previously reported cases. To our knowledge, only one case of malignant SFT has been reported in the English literature. A 75-year-old Caucasian woman presented to our institution with a 3-month history of a palpable left breast mass.

Clear cell carcinoma of testis: A review.

Clear cell Mullerian-type adenocarcinoma of the testis is an exceedingly rare entity, and its histogenesis and clinical behavior are still poorly understood. We discuss three cases of clear cell carcinoma of the testis, compiled from a review of the literature and our personal experience. Microscopically, the tumors closely resembled clear cell carcinoma of the ovary, displaying papillae lined by clear cells with areas of hobnailing.

Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia of the prostate: report of an unprecedented entity in prostate pathology.

Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia is a benign entity of the breast. It is histologically characterized by open, slit-like spaces lined by spindle cells of myofibroblast/fibroblast differentiation in a dense collagenous stroma. Although pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia has been reported in ectopic breast tissue in anogenital mammary-like glands, it has not been previously reported in non-breast tissues.

Clinical presentation of ductal carcinoma in situ of breast with intraluminal crystalloids: Radiologic-histologic correlation.

Intraluminal crystalloids have rarely been described in the breast, particularly in cases with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). We recently encountered a case of DCIS of the breast associated with numerous intraluminal crystalloids. The patient presented with a mass in the right breast, and microcalcifications were detected on screening and diagnostic mammograms; the patient underwent needle biopsies, lumpectomy, and skin-sparing mastectomy.

Flat epithelial atypia in directional vacuum-assisted biopsy of breast microcalcifications: surgical excision may not be necessary.

The aim of this study was to analyze the clinicopathological features of patients with flat epithelial atypia, diagnosed in directional vacuum-assisted biopsy targeting microcalcifications, to identify upgrade rate to in situ ductal or invasive breast carcinoma, and determine factors predicting carcinoma in the subsequent excision. We retrospectively evaluated the histological, clinical, and mammographic features of 69 cases from 65 women, with directional vacuum-assisted biopsy-diagnosed flat epithelial atypia with or without atypical ductal hyperplasia or atypical lobular hyperplasia, which underwent subsequent surgical excision. The extent and percentage of microcalcifications sampled by directional vacuum-assisted biopsy were evaluated by mammography.

Sarcoid-like granulomas in renal cell carcinoma: The Houston Methodist Hospital experience.

Sarcoid-like (SL) granulomas have been previously described in association with malignant tumors. These granulomas appear to be tumor-related but are not indicative of systemic sarcoidosis, and hence are referred to as SL reactions. These SL reactions can be seen within the primary tumor, its vicinity, or in uninvolved sites such as the spleen, bone marrow, skin, and/or regional lymph nodes draining the tumor.

Prostatic adenocarcinoma in the setting of persistent müllerian duct syndrome: a case report.

Persistent müllerian duct syndrome (PMDS) is a form of disordered sex development in which rudimentary müllerian structures are identified in phenotypically and genotypically normal males. It is caused by defects in the anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) system. Since patients with PMDS present with undescended testes, testosterone production by Leydig cells later in life is often decreased.

Renal collision tumor composed of oncocytoma and mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma: case report of an unprecedented entity.

Primary renal collision tumors composed of 2 histologically distinct components are rare with only isolated case reports in the medical literature. Oncocytoma is a benign renal neoplasm, which is thought to originate from distal tubular epithelial cells. Mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma (MTSCC) of kidney is a rare, relatively recently described renal neoplasm that was first included in the 2004 World Health Organization renal cell carcinoma (RCC) classification as a distinct entity.

Primary collision tumors of the kidney composed of oncocytoma and papillary renal cell carcinoma: A review.

Background: There are well known cases of hybrid tumors of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and oncocytoma in kidney, where both tumors have the same cell of origin - intercalated cell of the collecting duct. However, collision tumors composed of neoplasms originating from different cell lineages such as oncocytoma and papillary RCC are extremely rare. Herein, we made a collective literature review of reported cases of collision tumors composed of oncocytoma and papillary RCC, adding a case that we recently experienced.

An isolated inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of adrenal gland.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is an uncommon lesion that shows a wide range of anatomic distribution. The adrenal gland, however, is a distinctly rare site of occurrence. To date, only a few cases of IMT arising in the adrenal gland have been reported in the English literature.

Collagenous micronodules in prostate cancer revisited: are they solely associated with Gleason pattern 3 adenocarcinomas?

Collagenous micronodules (CMs) are microscopic stromal nodular eosinophilic fibrillar collagen deposition of uncertain histogenesis seen in prostatic adenocarcinoma. Per the 2005 International Society of Urologic Pathology (ISUP) consensus conference, they are categorized as Gleason pattern 3. This study analyzes morphological and clinical features of CMs from a large series of radical prostatectomies.

Sclerosing mucoepidermoid carcinoma with eosinophilia of the thyroid: more aggressive than previously reported.

Sclerosing mucoepidermoid carcinoma with eosinophilia (SMECE) of the thyroid is a rare traditionally "low-grade" tumor that predominantly occurs in women. Approximately 50 cases have been reported in the literature. It arises in a background of Hashimoto thyroiditis and is characterized by nests of epidermoid and mucin-secreting cells located within an eosinophil-rich sclerotic stroma.

De novo large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate gland with pelvic lymph node metastasis: a case report with review of literature.

Neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation in prostate carcinomas can be seen in two settings: as a focal finding in conventional acinar adenocarcinoma, identifiable by immunohistochemical staining, or as a primary NE tumor of the prostate gland, such as carcinoid, small cell carcinoma, or large cell NE carcinoma. Of particular interest is the large cell NE carcinoma, which had been previously reported in isolated cases or in limited case series. In this report, we describe a case of a large cell NE carcinoma diagnosed in a 48-year-old man who presented with difficulty in voiding and urine retention.

Metastasizing leiomyoma to heart.

Cardiac smooth muscle tumors are rare. Three different clinical settings for these tumors have been reported, including benign metastasizing leiomyoma from the uterus, primary cardiac leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma, and intravenous cardiac extension of pelvic leiomyoma, which is the most common. We present a case of a 55-year-old woman with a benign metastasizing leiomyoma to the heart 17 years after hysterectomy and 16 years after metastasis to the lung.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of breast: Recent advances.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the breast is a rare special subtype of breast cancer characterized by the presence of a dual cell population of luminal and basaloid cells arranged in specific growth patterns. Most breast cancers with triple-negative, basal-like breast features (i.e.

Intraoperative frozen section evaluation of ureteral and urethral margins: studies of 203 consecutive radical cystoprostatectomy for men with bladder urothelial carcinoma.

Intraoperative frozen section (FS) evaluation of ureteral and urethral margins is frequently requested during radical cystoprostatectomy in patients with bladder urothelial carcinoma. However, it is still controversial whether intraoperative FSs of ureteral and urethral margins are necessary in all patients with cystoprostatectomy or a risk-based assessment with limited to the high risk patients is the best approach. A total of 203 radical cystoprostatectomy specimens with FS evaluation on margin status from men treated for bladder urothelial carcinoma from 2003 to 2010 in our institution were reviewed.

Seminal vesicle intraepithelial involvement by prostate cancer: putative mechanism and clinicopathological significance.

We have recently shown seminal vesicle intraepithelial involvement of prostate cancer in cases with seminal vesicle invasion (pT3b). Based on the manner of seminal vesicle invasion, there could be 2 possible mechanisms of seminal vesicle intraepithelial involvement: direct intraepithelial invasion from prostate carcinoma in the muscular wall of seminal vesicles or intraepithelial involvement of cancer from the invaginated extraprostatic space (IES)/ejaculatory duct system to extraprostatic seminal vesicle. We aimed to clarify the manner and clinicopathological significance of seminal vesicle intraepithelial involvement.