Hospital admissions for dementia in the Brazilian public health system over the last decade.

Objective: The rise in dementia prevalence, particularly in lower- and middle-income countries (LMIC), places a significant burden on healthcare systems. However, comprehensive data on dementia hospital admissions are scarce.

Methods: We analyzed admission rates for dementia, cost of hospital admissions, lengths of hospital stay, and in-hospital deaths in 2010 and 2019 in Brazil.

Asthma in the Brazilian Unified Health Care System: an epidemiological analysis from 2008 to 2021.

Objective: To analyze the number of hospitalizations, the length of hospital stay, and mortality due to asthma, as well as the costs to the Unified Health Care System in Brazil between 2008 and 2021.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional epidemiological study using data from the Information Technology Department of the Brazilian Unified Health Care System. Proportional hospitalization and death rates were estimated per 100,000 population by age, microregion, and year.

Association between APOE-ε4 allele and cognitive function is mediated by Alzheimer's disease pathology: a population-based autopsy study in an admixed sample.

Background: Apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE-ε4) is the main genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) and may impact cognitive function also via other neuropathological lesions. However, there is limited evidence available from diverse populations, as APOE associations with dementia seem to differ by race. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the pathways linking APOE-ε4 to cognitive abilities through AD and non-AD neuropathology in an autopsy study with an admixed sample.

Effect of Different Extraction Methods on Anthocyanin Content in Hibiscus sabdariffa L. and their Antiplatelet and Vasorelaxant Properties.

Hibiscus sabdariffa L. is a worldwide component for tea and beverages, being a natural source of anthocyanins, which are associated with cardiovascular activities. To investigate this relationship, we explored different methods of aqueous extraction on the anthocyanin content and antioxidant activity of H.

The action of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors on β-amyloid pathology and cognition in experimental Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most frequent cause of dementia worldwide. The etiology of AD is partially explained by the deposition of β-amyloid in the brain. Despite extensive research on the pathogenesis of AD, the current treatments are ineffective.

Evaluation of the Panbio™ COVID-19 ag rapid test at an emergency room in a hospital in São Paulo, Brazil.

Background: The performance characteristics of the Panbio™ COVID-19 Ag test was evaluated at an emergency room setting against RT-PCR, considered the gold-standard for the detection of SARS-CoV-2, in São Paulo, Brazil. The study aimed to determine the sensitivity, specificity, Positive Percent Agreement (PPA), and Negative Percent Agreement (NPA) as compared to RT-PCR.

Methods: Specimens from 127 suspected patients were tested by both the Panbio™ COVID-19 Ag test and by RT-PCR.

Hospitalization due to mental and behavioral disorders caused by use of alcohol and psychoactive substances among older adults and elderly people in Brazil: a cross-sectional study.

Background: It has been estimated that 17% of individuals aged 50 years or older suffer from addiction to legal or illegal drugs. Use of alcohol and psychoactive substances has been correlated with several diseases, e.g.

The modulation of neuroinflammation by inducible nitric oxide synthase.

The accumulation and propagation of misfolded proteins in the brain is a pathological hallmark shared by many neurodegenerative diseases, such as the depositions of β-amyloid and hyperphosphorylated tau proteins in Alzheimer's disease. Initial evidence shows the role of nitric oxide synthases in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. A recent, in an exciting paper (Bourgognon et al.

Comparison of viral load between saliva and nasopharyngeal swabs for SARS-CoV2: the role of days of symptoms onset on diagnosis.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is highly infectious causing millions of deaths worldwide. Nasopharyngeal swabs are the primary sample of choice for the diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), thus, to decrease the exposure to potentially infected samples through the collection is a key point to reduce the risk of infection in healthcare workers.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity and viral load of saliva specimens by days of symptoms onset comparing to nasopharyngeal swabs in subjects with mild symptoms.

The role of vascular endothelial protein tyrosine phosphatase on nitric oxide synthase function in diabetes: from molecular biology to the clinic.

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and receptor-type vascular endothelial protein tyrosine phosphatase (VE-PTP) are one of the majors signaling pathways related to endothelial health in diabetes. Several reports have shown that the inhibition of VE-PTP can lead the nitric oxide production, although repeated studies showed that VE-PTP regulated the eNOS exclusive at Ser1177 in indirect-manner. A recent, exciting paper (Siragusa et al.

Mapping the Endothelial Cell -Sulfhydrome Highlights the Crucial Role of Integrin Sulfhydration in Vascular Function.

Background: In vascular endothelial cells, cysteine metabolism by the cystathionine γ lyase (CSE), generates hydrogen sulfide-related sulfane sulfur compounds (HS), that exert their biological actions via cysteine -sulfhydration of target proteins. This study set out to map the "-sulfhydrome" (ie, the spectrum of proteins targeted by HS) in human endothelial cells.

Methods: Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry was used to identify -sulfhydrated cysteines in endothelial cell proteins and β3 integrin intraprotein disulfide bond rearrangement.

VE-PTP inhibition elicits eNOS phosphorylation to blunt endothelial dysfunction and hypertension in diabetes.

Aims: Receptor-type vascular endothelial protein tyrosine phosphatase (VE-PTP) dephosphorylates Tie-2 as well as CD31, VE-cadherin, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2). The latter form a signal transduction complex that mediates the endothelial cell response to shear stress, including the activation of the endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS). As VE-PTP expression is increased in diabetes, we investigated the consequences of VE-PTP inhibition (using AKB-9778) on blood pressure in diabetic patients and the role of VE-PTP in the regulation of eNOS activity and vascular reactivity.

Endothelium modulates electrical field stimulation-induced contractions of Chelonoidis carbonaria aortic rings.

The role of endothelium in the electrical-field stimulation (EFS)-induced contractions of Chelonoidis carbonaria aorta was investigated. Contractions were evaluated in the presence and absence of L-NAME (100 μM), tetrodotoxin (1 μM), phentolamine (10 and 100 μM), phenoxybenzamine (1 and 10 μM), prazosin (100 μM), idazoxan (100 μM), atropine (10 μM), D-tubocurarine (10 μM) or indomethacin (10 μM). EFS-induced contraction was also carried out in endothelium-denuded rings.

Pharmacological and transcriptomic characterization of the nitric oxide pathway in aortic rings isolated from the tortoise Chelonoidis carbonaria.

In this study the nitric oxide (NO)-soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) and phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) pathway was characterized in tortoise Chelonoidis carbonaria aorta. Concentration response curves (CCR) to ATP, ADP, AMP, adenosine and histamine were performed in the presence and absence of L-NAME in aorta pre-contracted with ACh (3 μM). CCR to SNP, BAY 41-2272 (sGC stimulator), BAY 60-2770 (sGC activator) and tadalafil (PDE-5 inhibitor) were constructed in the presence and absence of ODQ (10 μM).

Autonomic dysregulation at multiple sites is implicated in age-associated underactive bladder in female mice.

Aims: To evaluate the functional and molecular alterations of contractile and relaxant machinery in the bladder and urethra that lead to the underactive bladder (UAB) in old female mice.

Methods: Female young (3-months) and old (18-months) C57BL/6 mice were used. Urodynamic was assessed in awake and anaesthetized mice.

Electrical field-induced contractions on Crotalus durissus terrificus and Bothrops jararaca aortae are caused by endothelium-derived catecholamine.

Endothelium is the main source of catecholamine release in the electrical-field stimulation (EFS)-induced aortic contractions of the non- venomous snake Panterophis guttatus. However, adrenergic vasomotor control in venomous snakes such as Crotalus durissus terrificus and Bothrops jararaca has not yet been investigated. Crotalus and Bothrops aortic rings were mounted in an organ bath system.

Electrical field stimulation-induced contractions on Pantherophis guttatus corpora cavernosa and aortae.

A tetrodotoxin (TTX)-resistant mechanism is responsible for the electrical field stimulation (EFS)-induced contractions and relaxations of Crotalus durissus terrificus corpora cavernosa. Here it was investigated whether this mechanism also occurs in corpora cavernosa and aortae of the non-venomous snake Pantherophis guttatus corpora cavernosa and aortae. Corpora cavernosa and aortic rings isolated from Pantherophis guttatus snake were mounted in organ bath system for isometric tension recording.