Causes of autonomic dysfunction in idiopathic recurrent kidney stone formers.

Background: A higher prevalence of hypertension and adverse cardiovascular outcomes has been reported in kidney stone formers (KSF). We performed this study with the purpose of evaluating the autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity in KSF.

Methods: We performed a 70° head-up tilt test in 30 idiopathic recurrent KSF aged 45.