Evaluating acceleration impact asymmetries during sprinting: Analyzing leg and track lane disparities among national athletes.

Sprinting on bends demands biomechanical adjustments compared with straight-line sprinting that results in asymmetrical force production in the lower extremities. This study aimed to assess acceleration impacts in the lower extremity and impact transmission when sprinting on bend versus straight lanes. Eight experienced sprinters (age 16.

Evaluation of leg symmetry in muscle oxygen saturation during submaximal to maximal cycling exercise.

It is unclear whether physiological responses, such as muscle oxygen saturation (SmO), can be considered symmetrical during cycling. This knowledge has important practical implications for both training and performance assessment. The aim of this study was to determine whether oxygenation profiles in the three active muscles of both legs were symmetrical during cycling at different intensities.

Bicycle Set-Up Dimensions and Cycling Kinematics: A Consensus Statement Using Delphi Methodology.

Bicycle set-up dimensions and cycling kinematic data are important components of bicycle fitting and cyclist testing protocols. However, there are no guidelines on how bicycles should be measured and how kinematic data should be collected to increase the reliability of outcomes. This article proposes a consensus regarding bicycle set-up dimensions and recommendations for collecting cycling-related kinematic data.

Profiles of muscle-specific oxygenation responses and thresholds during graded cycling incremental test.

Compared to the determination of exercise thresholds based on systemic changes in blood lactate concentrations or gas exchange data, the determination of breakpoints based on muscle oxygen saturation offers a valid alternative to provide specific information on muscle-derived thresholds. Our study explored the profiles and timing of the second muscle oxygenation threshold (MOT2) in different muscles. Twenty-six cyclists and triathletes (15 male: age = 23 ± 7 years, height = 178 ± 5 cm, body mass = 70.

Collaborative online international learning in physiology: a case study.

Internationalization in higher education is essential, and although active learning methodologies are increasing and allow students to develop transversal skills, most still have a very local scope. In this context, the Collaborative Online International Learning (COIL) methodology is an interesting approach to benefit the students' development. It consists of an online program that involves creating multicultural teams to develop a specific learning project.

Curved non-motorized treadmills do not biomechanically replicate overground running better than motorized treadmills.

The purpose of this study was to determine if curved non-motorized treadmills can reproduce overground running better than motorized treadmills by analysing the differences in joint kinematics (hip, knee, and ankle) using SPM. Nineteen recreational runners completed three randomized running tests on these surfaces. Kinematic data from the hip, knee, and ankle joints were collected.

A comparative analysis of mathematical methods for detecting lactate thresholds using muscle oxygenation data during a graded cycling test.

. Threshold determination for improving training and sports performance is important for researchers and trainers, who currently use different methods for determining lactate, ventilatory or muscle oxygenation (SmO) thresholds. Our study aimed to compare the identification of the intensity at the first and second thresholds using lactate and SmOdata by different mathematical methods in different muscles during a graded cycling test.

Sex-related differences in profiles of muscle oxygen saturation of different muscles in trained cyclists during graded cycling exercise.

Although in recent years near-infrared spectroscopy has been used in many sports to monitor muscle oxygen saturation (SmO), there is a lack of knowledge about the sex differences in SmO during exercise in different muscles. Our study aimed to examine SmO differences in muscles between female and male cyclists, during a graded cycling test and at the first and second lactate thresholds. Twenty-five trained cyclists and triathletes (15 males: 23 ± 7 yr, 1.

The effect of saddle setback and cycling intensity on saddle pressures and comfort in male and female recreational cyclists.

Cycling is a recreational activity that helps to prevent different diseases. The practice of this popular worldwide sport requires the cyclist to maintain a particular posture in contact with the pedals, handlebars, and saddle for long periods of time. Therefore, the study of the pressure exerted on the saddle is of great importance as it is directly related to the reduction of perineal injuries and pathologies.

Reliability of threshold determination using portable muscle oxygenation monitors during exercise testing: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Over the last few years, portable Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) technology has been suggested for determining metabolic/ventilator thresholds. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the reliability of a portable muscle oxygenation monitor for determining thresholds during exercise testing. The proposed PICO question was: Is the exercise intensity of muscle oxygenation thresholds, using portable NIRS, reliable compared with lactate and ventilatory thresholds for exercise intensity determined in athletes? A search of Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science was undertaken and the review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines.

Influence of surface condition and prolonged running on impact accelerations.

Running can be performed on different types of surfaces with distinct characteristics. These differences between the running surfaces may affect impact accelerations during prolonged running. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of the type of running surface (motorised treadmill (MT), curved non-motorised treadmill (cNMT), and overground (OVG)) and prolonged running in impact accelerations, spatiotemporal parameters and perceptual variables.

Effect of Hamstring Tightness and Fatigue on Dynamic Stability and Agility in Physically Active Young Men.

Hamstring extensibility has been defined as a factor to diminished dynamic stability and therefore increased risk of injury. The purpose of this study was to analyse the effects of hamstring tightness and fatigue on dynamic stability and agility. Nineteen participants were divided between the normal extensibility group (NEG) ( = 9, 82.

Does Nordic Walking technique influence the ground reaction forces?

Background: Nordic Walking (NW) practice has increased during the last decade, generating great benefits related to the reduction of ground reaction forces (GRF). However, there is still limited evidence regarding how the NW technique could affect GRF.

Research Question: To analyze the effect of the speed and the differences in ground reaction forces (GRF) between NW with Diagonal technique (DT) versus Alpha technique (AT) and compare them with normal walking (W) METHODS: 29 male physically active sport science students were randomly assigned to one of the training groups: AT (n = 15) or DT (n = 14).

Duration Effects on Wingate and Functional Power Threshold Test Outputs in Female Cyclists.

The response of female cyclists depending on the functional test duration has not been studied. This study aims to analyse the effect of modification of the duration of two different functional tests: Wingate (WAnT) and Functional Power Threshold (FTP) in female cyclists. Fourteen cyclists (27±8 years, 1,66±0,08 m, and 60,6±7,2 kg) performed 2 test days with a 24-hour break between days, varying the test duration (WAnT 20- or 30-sec, and FTP 8- or 10-min).

Validity and Reliability of the Leomo Motion-Tracking Device Based on Inertial Measurement Unit with an Optoelectronic Camera System for Cycling Pedaling Evaluation.

Background: The use of inertial measurement sensors (IMUs), in the search for a more ecological measure, is spreading among sports professionals with the aim of improving the sports performance of cyclists. The kinematic evaluation using the Leomo system (TYPE-R, Leomo, Boulder, CO, USA) has become popular.

Purpose: The present study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Leomo system by measuring the angular kinematics of the lower extremities in the sagittal plane during pedaling at different intensities compared to a gold-standard motion capture camera system (OptiTrack, Natural Point, Inc.

Effects of Central and Peripheral Fatigue on Impact Characteristics during Running.

Fatigue and impact can represent an injury risk factor during running. The objective of this study was to compare the impact transmission along the locomotor system between the central and peripheral fatigued states during running. Tibial and head acceleration as well as shock attenuation in the time- and frequency-domain were analyzed during 2-min of treadmill running in the pre- and post-fatigue state in eighteen male popular runners (N = 18).

Effect of 10 km run on lower limb skin temperature and thermal response after a cold-stress test over the following 24 h.

Skin temperature assessment has received much attention as a possible measurement of physiological response against stress produced by exercise and research studies usually measure skin temperature 24 or 48 h after exercise. Scientific evidence about skin temperature evolution during the 24-h period immediately after exercising is, however, scarce. The aim was to assess the effect of a 10 km run at moderate intensity on baseline skin temperature and thermal response after a cold stress test during that 24 h period.

Higher Hamstrings Strength and Stability Are Related to Lower Kinematics Alteration during Running after Central and Peripheral Fatigue.

Fatigue can be classified as peripheral or central depending on the extent of its effects. Muscle strength reduction, associated with the appearance of fatigue during running, produces kinetics and kinematics modifications which could lead to an increased risk of injury. This study aimed to analyze the effect of peripheral and central fatigue protocols in running kinematics and to investigate the relationship between isokinetic strength and dynamic stability in fatigue related changes.

Seven-Weeks Gait-Retraining in Minimalist Footwear Has No Effect on Dynamic Stability Compared With Conventional Footwear.

: To investigate the effects of two different running footwear conditions (transition to minimalist footwear and conventional running footwear) on dynamic postural stability before and after 7 weeks of gait retraining program, and to evaluate the effect of fatigue on dynamic stability. : This randomized controlled clinical trial was carried out by 42 recreational male runners, who were randomly divided into two groups; Conventional Footwear Group (CFG) (n = 22) and Minimalist Footwear Group (MFG) (n = 20). Dynamic Postural Stability Index (DPSI), in a fatigued and non-fatigued state, were assessed before and after a gait retraining program.

Reproducibility of Skin Temperature Response after Cold Stress Test Using the Game Ready System: Preliminary Study.

The objective of this preliminary study was to determine the reproducibility of lower limbs skin temperature after cold stress test using the Game Ready system. Skin temperature of fourteen participants was measured before and after cold stress test using the Game Ready system and it was repeated the protocol in four times: at 9:00, at 11:00, at 19:00, and at 9:00 h of the posterior day. To assess skin temperature recovery after cold stress test, a logarithmic equation for each region was calculated, and constant (β) and slope (β) coefficients were obtained.

Acute Effects on Impact Accelerations Running with Objects in the Hand.

Amateur runners usually run carrying implements in their hands (keys, a mobile phone, or a bottle of water). However, there is a lack of literature about the effects of different handloads on impact accelerations. Thus, this study aimed to analyse the effects of carrying different objects in the hand on impact accelerations during running.

Treadmill and Running Speed Effects on Acceleration Impacts: Curved Non-Motorized Treadmill vs. Conventional Motorized Treadmill.

An increase in the popularity of running can be seen over the last decades, with a large number of injuries on it. Most of the running injuries are related to impact accelerations and are due to overuse. In order to reduce the risk of injury or to improve performance and health new treadmill designs have been created, as it can be the curved non-motorized treadmill.

Psychological Profile in Female Cyclists and Its Relationship with Age, Training Parameters, Sport Performance, and Injury Incidence.

Previous studies have highlighted the importance of psychology on sports performance and its relationship with the incidence of sport injuries. The objectives of the present investigation were: (1) to analyze the psychological profile of female cyclists as a function of age, training parameters, sport performance, and injuries suffered and (2) to design a model to predict their psychological profile. Sixty-one female cyclists participated in the study.

Validity and Reliability of an Instrumented Treadmill with an Accelerometry System for Assessment of Spatio-Temporal Parameters and Impact Transmission.

Running retraining programs focused on concurrent feedback of acceleration impacts have been demonstrated to be a good strategy to reduce running-related injuries (RRI), as well as to improve running economy and reduce acceleration impacts and injury running incidence. Traditionally, impacts have been registered by mean of accelerometers attached directly to the athletes, which is inaccessible to the entire population, because it requires laboratory conditions. This study investigated the validity and reliability of a new device integrated directly into the treadmill, compared to a traditional acceleration impact system.