Release of Nanoparticles in the Environment and Catalytic Converters Ageing.

A Three-Way Catalyst (TWC) contains a cordierite ceramic monolith coated with a layer of AlO, CeZrO and platinoids mixture. Under standard operation, the platinoid concentration decreases, exposing the remaining washcoat structure. After that particle release stage, the sintering process follows where the crystalline CeZrO solution is broken and begins to separate into ZrO and CeO phases.

Experimental and theoretical investigation on the molecular structure, spectroscopic and electric properties of 2,4-dinitrodiphenylamine, 2-nitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline and 4-bromo-2-nitroaniline.

2,4-Dinitrodiphenylamine (I), 2-nitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline (II) and 4-bromo-2-nitroaniline (III) have been investigated by DFT and experimental FTIR, Raman and UV-Vis spectroscopies. The gas-phase molecular geometries were consistent with similar compounds already reported in the literature. From the vibrational analysis, the main functional groups were identified and their absorption bands were assigned.