HISTOPATHOLOGIC FINDINGS IN 10 CASES OF MORTALITY IN CAPTIVE MALAYSIAN FIRE SNAILS ().

Malaysian fire snails , face threats to their environment, including habitat destruction and the illegal wildlife trade. Captive breeding projects are likely to play a role in the survival of this species; however, mortality in captive populations potentially presents a significant challenge. This paper presents the results of histopathologic examination of tissues from 10 casualties in a captive population at Chester Zoo.

Diagnosis of Menopause in a Captive Sumatran Orangutan (Pongo abelii).

Humans were long thought to be the only mammal to experience menopause, the permanent cessation of reproduction followed by a long post-reproductive lifespan. More recently, evidence has been found for the existence of menopause in other long-lived mammals, including chimpanzees and gorillas. However, orangutans, which have the longest interbirth interval of any primate, have rarely been studied in this period of their lives.

Gastric adenocarcinoma with carcinomatosis and degenerative joint disease of the xiphisternum in a Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus).

Gastric adenocarcinomas have been sporadically reported in camelids. This report describes a primary gastric adenocarcinoma and subsequent peritoneal carcinomatosis in a 20-year-old female Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus). Numerous metastases were present throughout the omentum, liver, abdominal lymph nodes, intestinal serosa, kidneys and lungs.

Incidence and characterization of polyglucosan bodies in the cerebella of montserrat orioles ().

Polyglucosan bodies are accumulations of insoluble glucose polymers and proteins that form intracytoplasmic inclusions in the brain, large numbers of which can be indicative of neurodegenerative diseases such as Lafora disease. Montserrat orioles () are an icterid passerine endemic to Montserrat with conservation populations maintained in captivity abroad. We demonstrate that polyglucosan bodies are unusually abundant in the cerebellar molecular and Purkinje cell layers and cerebellar peduncles of captive-bred and wild-caught Montserrat orioles.

RENAL PATHOLOGY IN CAPTIVE ADULT ALAOTRAN GENTLE LEMURS ().

Full medical histories from captive Alaotran gentle lemurs or Bandro () > 1 yr old that died between 1990 and 2016 were requested from holding institutions. Eighty-six individuals died during the period analyzed. Full postmortem reports were received from 40 (46.

Staphylococcus aureus lineages associated with a free-ranging population of the fruit bat Pteropus livingstonii retained over 25 years in captivity.

Conservation of endangered species has become increasingly complex, and costly interventions to protect wildlife require a robust scientific evidence base. This includes consideration of the role of the microbiome in preserving animal health. Captivity introduces stressors not encountered in the wild including environmental factors and exposure to exotic species, humans and antimicrobial drugs.

CHOLELITHIASIS IN CAPTIVE MOUNTAIN CHICKEN FROGS (): DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL FEATURES.

The mountain chicken frog () is a critically endangered species highly reliant on conservation programs. In captivity, cholelithiasis has been reported during clinical examinations using diagnostic imaging and observed during postmortem examinations. Some individuals have presented with nonspecific clinical signs potentially associated with this condition, but little is known about its clinical relevance.

A RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW OF POST-METAMORPHIC MOUNTAIN CHICKEN FROG () NECROPSY FINDINGS FROM EUROPEAN ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS, 1998 TO 2018.

The mountain chicken frog () is the largest endemic amphibian species in the Western Hemisphere. Since 1998, this critically endangered species has been maintained as a European Endangered Species Programme, but low breeding success and a high mortality rate threaten the sustainability of the captive frog population. In the current study, we analyzed gross and histopathologic postmortem information from 212 mountain chicken frogs that died in European zoological collections from 1998 to 2018.

Changes in the faecal microbiome of pied tamarins (Saguinus bicolor) associated with chronic, recurrent diarrhoea and weight loss.

Background: Chronic recurrent diarrhoea and weight loss is a common problem in captive callitrichids. These symptoms are common clinical features of marmoset wasting syndrome (MWS), a chronic enteric inflammation of unknown aetiology associated with mortality in captive marmosets. The unknown aetiology of the condition presents problems for conservation projects where affected colonies present higher mortality and lower birth rates.

HEALTH SCREENING OF THE EUROPEAN ENDANGERED SPECIES PROGRAM CAPTIVE POPULATION OF THE PINK PIGEON ().

The population of the Mauritian pink pigeon () fell to fewer than 20 individuals in the 1970s. Following intensive conservation efforts, the free-living population is now estimated to be 470 individuals. However, because of the population bottleneck the species remains at risk of extinction because of genetic loss and inbreeding depression.

RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW OF MORTALITY IN CAPTIVE PINK PIGEONS () HOUSED IN EUROPEAN COLLECTIONS: 1977-2018.

The Mauritian pink pigeon () is vulnerable, with only 400 individuals remaining in the free-living population. A European captive population was established in 1977 and a European Endangered Species Program (EEP) in 1992. The EEP long-term management plan recommends integrating the EEP and free-living Mauritius populations through pigeon transfers.

Clinical and Pathological Aspects of Systemic Infection in Blue-crowned Laughing Thrushes () at Jersey Zoo.

Based on a review of species mortalities, systemic species was identified as the primary cause of death in 22% (19 of 87) of blue-crowned laughing thrushes (BCLTs; ) at the Jersey Zoo between 1997 and 2016. Fifty-eight percent of the affected birds were between 1 and 2 years old, and in 89% of cases, death occurred between August and December. Abnormal clinical findings in BCLTs with species infections included hepatomegaly and pectoral muscle myositis in 79% of the cases.

INHALATORY ISOFLURANE ANESTHESIA IN MOUNTAIN CHICKEN FROGS ().

One hundred and fourteen mountain chicken frogs were anesthetized, to place intracoelomic radiotracers. The animals were placed in a clear plastic bag that was filled with isoflurane 5% and oxygen. Loss of righting reflex occurred at 3.

DIVERSITY OF STAPHYLOCOCCAL SPECIES CULTURED FROM CAPTIVE LIVINGSTONE'S FRUIT BATS () AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT.

Livingstone's fruit bats () are critically endangered and a captive population has been established as part of the International Union for Conservation of Nature Species Action Plan. The largest colony, in Jersey Zoo, was sampled for staphylococcal carriage and at infection sites, as disease associated with staphylococci had previously been found. Staphylococci were cultured from swabs from 44 bats (skin, oropharynx, mouth ejecta, skin lesions) and from their enclosure.

Development of a body condition score for the mountain chicken frog (Leptodactylus fallax).

The Critically Endangered mountain chicken frog (Leptodactylus fallax) has undergone drastic population decline due to habitat loss, hunting, invasive species, and chytridiomycosis. In response, several partner institutions initiated a conservation breeding program. It is important to maintain the captive population in good health.

MEDICAL MANAGEMENT OF DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY IN LIVINGSTONE FRUIT BATS ( PTEROPUS LIVINGSTONII).

Eleven cases of dilated cardiomyopathy have been diagnosed and treated in captive Livingstone fruit bats ( Pteropus livingstonii) in the United Kingdom over the past 7 yr. All but one case received treatment with a diuretic plus an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI), and, or pimobendan. One case is still under treatment with pimobendan alone, following diagnosis before onset of clinical signs.

SEVOFLURANE ANESTHESIA IN LIVINGSTONE'S FRUIT BATS ( PTEROPUS LIVINGSTONII).

Fourteen captive Livingstone's fruit bats ( Pteropus livingstonii) were anesthetized for routine veterinary health checks, including echocardiography, using sevoflurane. In addition, three specimens suffering from cardiac disease and a pregnant specimen were anesthetized for clinical assessment. No anesthetic complications were observed in any of the specimens.

FEMORAL HEAD RESECTION IN TWO LIVINGSTONE'S FRUIT BATS (PTEROPUS LIVINGSTONII).

Two Livingstone's fruit bats (Pteropus livingstonii) presented with a unilateral partial paresis of the hind limbs. Radiographs revealed luxation of the coxofemoral joint and degenerative joint disease in the right coxofemoral joint in one case. The second case presented with recurrent luxation of the coxofemoral joint with osteoarthrosis of the femoral head.

An exploratory investigation of echocardiographic parameters and the effects of posture on cardiac structure and function in the Livingstone's fruit bat (Pteropus livingstonii).

There is growing evidence that dilated cardiomyopathy may be a major cause of death in captive Livingstone's fruit bats (Pteropus livingstonii). Therefore, the primary aim of this prospective, exploratory study was to examine whether a systematic cardiac ultrasound protocol is feasible in this critically endangered species and to report basic measures of cardiac structure and function from a cohort of apparently healthy bats. A secondary aim was to test the effect posture (dorsal recumbency vs.

Successful treatment of infertility in a female Sumatran orangutan Pongo abelii.

In 2011, a female Sumatran orangutan housed at Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust became infertile following a massive antepartum hemorrhage in labor and the delivery of a stillborn infant. The placenta was infected with Pantoea sp. Hysterosalpingography (HSG) revealed blocked fallopian tubes, and pressurized fallopian tube perfusion was used to reverse the tubal occlusion.

UTERINE RUPTURE AND CESAREAN SURGERY IN THREE RIO CAUCA CAECILIANS (TYPHLONECTES NATANS).

A uterine rupture of unknown etiology during gestation causing the death in a Rio Cauca caecilian ( Typhlonectes natans ) and successful anesthesia using tricaine methanesulfonate and cesarean section in three occasions in two other specimens because of suspected dystocia are described. One of the surgeries was performed at an early stage of embryo development, thereby preventing the survival of the neonates.

HIGH PREVALENCE OF INTESTINAL ADENOCARCINOMA IN A CAPTIVE POPULATION OF AMAZON MILK FROG (TRACHYCEPHALUS RESINIFICTRIX).

:  A series of eight cases of intestinal adenocarcinoma in Amazon milk frog (Trachycephalus resinifictrix) is described. All cases presented with signs of inappetence and weight loss, and evidence of large intestinal distention on gross postmortem, with six of the eight cases showing a grossly visible large intestinal mass. Histologic examination identified the mass as an intestinal adenocarcinoma in all cases.

RADIOGRAPHIC CARDIAC SILHOUETTE MEASUREMENT IN CAPTIVE LIVINGSTONE'S FRUIT BATS (PTEROPUS LIVINGSTONII).

Cardiomyopathies have been increasingly noted in the captive population of Livingstone's fruit bat ( Pteropus livingstonii ). The aim of this study was to produce a set of repeatable quantitative reference measurements that could be used to assess the cardiac size during radiographic examination of this species. Ventro-dorsal and lateral radiographs (n = 129) from a total of 42 individual Livingstone's fruit bats were examined.