Prevalence, type, and risk factors of intracranial hemorrhage in term neonates: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Intracranial hemorrhage in the newborn poses a significant challenge to their well-being and subsequent development. In pre-term neonates, germinal matrix hemorrhage is the most common cause of intracranial hemorrhage with the prevalence varying from 20 to 59%. However, in term neonates, the prevalence and type of intracranial hemorrhage have not been well elucidated.

A survey of the members of the American Society of Pediatric Neurosurgeons and factors associated with well-being.

Objective: The goal of this study was to survey the members of the American Society of Pediatric Neurosurgeons (ASPN) to assess the prevalence and associated risks of burnout among pediatric neurosurgeons. The authors aimed to identify the factors that most significantly contributed to this risk to provide a baseline group of characteristics to improve physician well-being.

Methods: Institutional Review Board approval from the University of Arizona was obtained, and the 7-question and 9-question Mayo Physician Well-Being Index (WBI) was distributed to members of the ASPN (n = 275).

Can we do better supporting young adults with cerebral palsy as they navigate adulthood? A review of current and future transitional practices.

Objective: Patients with cerebral palsy (CP) face lifelong consequences of their condition, and their healthcare needs evolve as they age. Transitional care for these patients is not universally available and various models have been described. In this article, the authors review the current literature surrounding transitional care for patients with CP, focusing predominantly on the neurosurgical aspects of transitional care, and they describe current approaches adopted by programs in North America.

An apple a day keeps the doctor away: pediatric scurvy case report and mini review.

Scurvy is a rare nutritional disorder caused by deficiency of ascorbic acid (vitamin C). It is often under-diagnosed in clinical settings, especially in North America where population statistics are unavailable. However, scurvy is more common than previously thought and appears to be re-emerging in children with developmental delays.

Primary intramedullary extradural Ewing sarcoma.

Ewing sarcoma is the second most frequent primary bone tumour of childhood and adolescence. The aim of this report is to describe the imaging, pathology, clinical findings, and treatment of a primary intradural extramedullary Ewing sarcoma with a unique intracranial metastatic component in a pediatric patient. A 14-year-old girl with a history of mood disorders presented to the emergency department with a 3-week history of neck torticollis, cervical pain, paresis, and paresthesia of the upper and lower extremities on the left side.

Conservative management for pediatric craniocervical Pott's disease: A case study and literature review.

Craniocervical Pott's disease is rare, particularly in the pediatric population. The importance of motion preservation in this age group renders managing this disease even more challenging. The literature regarding craniocervical Pott's disease comes from endemic regions.

Natural history of Chiari I malformation with syrinx and dilatation of the central canal in the pediatric population: the CHEO experience.

Purpose: Given that syrinx is often considered an indication of surgery in children with Chiari I malformation (CM1), understanding of the natural history of these patients is very challenging. In this study, we investigate the natural history of children with CM1 that have syrinx and/or prominence of the central canal on presentation.

Methods: All pediatric Chiari I patients who had syrinx and/or prominence of the central canal who underwent MR imaging of the head and spine from 2007 to 2020 were reviewed.

Global trends and decision-making in the management of arachnoid cysts.

Objective: In pediatric patients, middle cranial fossa (MCF) arachnoid cysts are often discovered incidentally on imaging in asymptomatic patients during workup for other indications. This study aims to describe current management gestalt and threshold for surgical intervention by surveying an international cohort of neurosurgeons.

Methods: A web-based survey was circulated via email list of attendants of the 2019 Canadian Pediatric Neurosurgery Study Group (CPNSG) and International Society of Pediatric Neurosurgery (ISPN) mailing list.

Tone management: An environmental scan of current management practices across Canada.

Background: Currently, there are no standardized approaches to care or evaluation for tone dysfunction in Canada. The study authors hypothesize that there is significant practice variation across the country. This environmental scan is aimed to describe the current practice for management of paediatric patients with hypertonia across Canada.

Automated Implementation of the Edinburgh Visual Gait Score (EVGS) Using OpenPose and Handheld Smartphone Video.

Recent advancements in computing and artificial intelligence (AI) make it possible to quantitatively evaluate human movement using digital video, thereby opening the possibility of more accessible gait analysis. The Edinburgh Visual Gait Score (EVGS) is an effective tool for observational gait analysis, but human scoring of videos can take over 20 min and requires experienced observers. This research developed an algorithmic implementation of the EVGS from handheld smartphone video to enable automatic scoring.

Efficacy of Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy and Intrathecal Baclofen Pump in the Management of Spasticity.

Background: Neurosurgical indications and interventions provided in the management of spasticity have evolved significantly over time. Selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) and intrathecal baclofen (ITB) pumps have been used to improve mobility, reduce lower extremity spasticity, and increase quality of life in patients with various diagnoses.

Methods: Studies describing ITB and SDR outcomes in adult and pediatric patients were identified from Medline and Embase databases.

Pediatric Chiari I malformation: novel and traditional measurements associated with syrinx and surgery.

Purpose: Multiple imaging parameters have been examined to estimate the presence of syrinx and the need for surgery in Chiari I patients (CM1); however, no consistent or definitive criteria have been proposed. The objective of this study was to review existing and identify novel radiological and clinical characteristics of CM1 patients that associate syrinx development and surgical intervention.

Methods: Patients with Chiari I malformation diagnosed on imaging between 0 and 18 years were retrospectively reviewed from January 1, 2007 to February 12, 2020.

Referral practices for epilepsy surgery in pediatric patients: A North American Study.

Objective: Patients with epilepsy who do not respond to two trials of appropriate antiepileptic drugs are considered to have drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). The International League Against Epilepsy recommends patients with DRE be referred for surgical evaluation; however, prior literature suggests this is an underutilized intervention, especially in the pediatric setting. This study captures practices of North American pediatric neurologists regarding the management of DRE and factors that may promote or limit referrals for epilepsy surgical evaluation.

Systematic review on use and efficacy of selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) for the management of spasticity in non-pediatric patients.

Purpose: Selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) has been used to improve mobility and reduce lower extremity spasticity in patients with a various CNS conditions. Incidentally, literature on SDR has been performed in the pediatric population as such there is a paucity of research on the use in adult patients.

Methods: Studies describing SDR in adults were identified from Medline and Embase databases.

Effect of Gene Mutation on Seizures in Surgery for Tuberous Sclerosis Complex.

Background: Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare genetic disorder that commonly leads to drug-resistant epilepsy in affected patients. This study aimed to determine whether the underlying genetic mutation (TSC1 vs. TSC2) predicts seizure outcomes following surgical treatments for epilepsy.

Long term outcome of Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy for the management of childhood spasticity-functional improvement and complications.

Background: Selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) for the management of lower extremity spasticity is a surgical technique that has existed since the 1900s. While much evidence supports its efficaciousness in reducing tone in the short term, limited information exists detailing the long-term outcome and evolution over time of patients undergoing SDR.

Methods: All publications with 10 years or more of outcome data on patients undergoing SDR were identified from Medline and Embase databases using the search term "Rhizotmy.

Interest and participation in global neurosurgery: a survey of Canadian neurosurgery residents.

Objective: The lack of access to primary neurosurgical care presents a significant burden for patients in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Efforts to decrease the inequities in access to surgical care have become an increasing focus of initiatives and advocacy within the international neurosurgery community. Although residents may represent highly active members of international teams, the extent of their availability for and interest in global neurosurgery opportunities remains unclear.

Correction: Survival of infants ≤24 months of age with brain tumors: A population-based study using the SEER database.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Systematic review of spinal deformities following multi-level selective dorsal rhizotomy.

Purpose: Cerebral palsy is a common neurological disorder that involves spasticity of the extremities and can lead to lifelong disability. Selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) can improve spasticity and quality of life in these patients, but it may be associated with the development of spinal deformity. Risk factors for spinal deformity after SDR have not yet been systematically examined.