Evaluation of Serum YKL-40 in Canine Multicentric Lymphoma: Clinical and Diagnostic Implications.

YKL-40, a secretory glycoprotein, is known as a prognostic biomarker in human cancers, but its role in canine multicentric lymphoma is not well understood. This study aimed to investigate serum YKL-40 levels in thirty dogs with multicentric lymphoma to determine their prognostic value, association with patient characteristics, and potential to predict chemotherapy response. Serum samples were collected before, during, and after chemotherapy, and YKL-40 level was measured using ELISA.

Prognostic significance of YKL-40 expression in canine cutaneous mast cell tumors.

Background: YKL-40, a secretory glycoprotein, is involved in tumor cell proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis in human cancers. Its overexpression has been correlated with unfavorable prognosis in many human cancers. In veterinary medicine, elevated YKL-40 levels in the serum of canine cutaneous mast cell tumors (cMCTs) were observed in our previous study.

Immunotherapeutic allogeneic dendritic cell and autologous tumor cell fusion vaccine alone or combined with radiotherapy in canine oral malignant melanoma is safe and potentially effective.

Introduction: Immunotherapy represents a promising breakthrough in cancer management and is being explored in canine melanomas. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a crucial role in priming T-cell-mediated immune reactions through the antigen-presenting function. Combining immunotherapy and radiation therapy may generate more substantial anti-cancer efficacy through immunomodulation.

Limited Clinical Efficacy with Potential Adverse Events in a Pilot Study of Autologous Adoptive Cell Therapy in Canine Oral Malignant Melanoma.

Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) has been studied in several human and canine cancers with some promising clinical outcomes but not in canine oral malignant melanoma (OMM). Our manuscript aimed to explore one kind of ACT, the ex vivo-expanded autologous immune cell infusion in canine OMM, as this tumor remains a treatment dilemma. The study recruited dogs with histopathological diagnoses of oral malignant melanoma, generated their peripheral blood mononuclear cells, expanded them into predominantly non-B non-T cells via stimulations of IL-15, IL-2, and IL-21, and then re-infused the cells into tumor-bearing dogs.

A retrospective study of chemotherapeutic effect without wide-margin surgery or radiation therapy in dogs with oral malignant melanoma.

Background: Effective treatment for canine oral malignant melanoma (, curative-intent surgery) may not be feasible or radiation therapy may be unavailable. However, chemotherapy is usually an option, and more information is needed regarding its use without adequate local treatments.

Objective: Our objective was to investigate the efficacy of chemotherapy in canine oral malignant melanoma without adequate local control, using carboplatin with dose reduction in small-breed dogs and metronomic chemotherapy.

L-Asparaginase, Doxorubicin, Vincristine, and Prednisolone (LHOP) Chemotherapy as a First-Line Treatment for Dogs with Multicentric Lymphoma.

Cyclophosphamide exhibits the weakest therapeutic effect compared with vincristine and doxorubicin in the CHOP (C, cyclophosphamide; H, doxorubicin; O, vincristine; and P, prednisolone) chemotherapeutic protocol for the treatment of canine lymphoma. Twenty dogs with multicentric lymphoma were treated using the LHOP protocol, which used l-asparaginase in place of cyclophosphamide, and the outcomes were historically compared with those of dogs that received CHOP chemotherapy in the same institution. No significant differences were found in age ( = 0.

Outcome of Canine Multicentric Lymphoma after Single or Divided Treatment with Cyclophosphamide in Multidrug Chemotherapy.

Cyclophosphamide is commonly used in combination chemotherapy to treat dogs with lymphoma. The metabolite of cyclophosphamide, acrolein, can irritate urinary bladder and cause sterile hemorrhagic cystitis. Dividing the administration of cyclophosphamide across multiple days may reduce the concentration of this metabolite in urinary bladder and reduce the possibility of cystitis.

Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO), and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) expression is involved in tumour proliferation and predicts poor survival in canine melanoma.

Canine melanoma is a malignant tumour that exhibits aggressive behaviour, and frequently metastasizes to regional lymph nodes and distant sites. Currently, there are no effective treatments or practical prognostic biomarkers for canine melanoma. The enzyme kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO), which plays a central role in the tryptophan metabolism, has previously been identified as the main pathogenic factor in neurodegenerative diseases; however, it has recently been found to be positively associated with tumour malignancy in human hepatocellular carcinoma and canine mammary tumours.

Association between weight change during initial chemotherapy and clinical outcome in dogs with multicentric lymphoma.

The majority of the known prognostic factors in dogs with lymphoma have been evaluated before treatment commences or at the time of diagnosis. Prognostic factors evaluated during the initial phase of treatment are less described but may provide important clinical information. In this retrospective study, 82 canine lymphoma patients were categorized according to the weight change between diagnosis and after 5 weeks of chemotherapy.

Inhibiting autophagy potentiates the antitumor efficacy of Euphorbia royleana for canine mammary gland tumors.

Background: Canine mammary gland tumors (cMGTs) are the most common neoplasms in intact female canines and viewed as a suitable model for studying human breast cancers. Euphorbia royleana has been reported to have a variety of antitumor efficacies. We have prepared the crude extracts of E.

Elevated plasma YKL-40 level is found in the dogs with cancer and is related to poor prognosis.

YKL-40, a secreted glycoprotein, may serve as an autoantigen, which mediates multiple inflammatory diseases and cancers. A high YKL-40 serum level is correlated with metastasis and poor survival in a variety of human cancers. However, the role of YKL-40 in dogs is still under evaluation.

A 3-year surveillance on causes of death or reasons for euthanasia of domesticated dogs in Taiwan.

Over the last 2 decades, there has been growing interest in research on the mortality of domesticated pets. These studies relied on an effective data-collecting system. During 2012-2014, a real-time reporting system was designed for mortality data in owned dogs and cats.

A real-time reporting system of causes of death or reasons for euthanasia: A model for monitoring mortality in domesticated cats in Taiwan.

A novel, real-time mortality recording system was designed to collect mortality data in companion animals from veterinary hospitals in Taiwan. This retrospective study aims to introduce the system, and to utilize the data collected for further investigation of the lifespan and mortality of the domesticated cat population stratified by demographic variables. Our data revealed that 1325 domesticated cats were acquired between 2012 and 2014.

Granulysin expressed in a humanized mouse model induces apoptotic cell death and suppresses tumorigenicity.

Granulysin (GNLY) is a cytolytic and proinflammatory protein expressed in activated human cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer (NK) cells. Conventional mouse models cannot adequately address the triggering mechanism and immunopathological pathways in GNLY-associated diseases due to lack of the GNLY gene in the mouse genome. Therefore, we generated a humanized immune system (HIS) mouse model by transplanting human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells into NOD.

Assessment of temporal association of relapse of canine multicentric lymphoma with components of the CHOP protocol: Is cyclophosphamide the weakest link?

Combination chemotherapy, using cyclophosphamide, hydroxydaunorubicin, vincristine and prednisolone (CHOP), is the most commonly used treatment for canine lymphoma. Most affected dogs respond during the initial stages of chemotherapy, but many relapse. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the use of specific chemotherapy drugs and clinical relapse, using the modified Madison-Wisconsin, 25 week chemotherapy protocol.

Comparison of efficacy and toxicity of doxorubicin and mitoxantrone in combination chemotherapy for canine lymphoma.

Forty-four dogs with multicentric lymphoma were treated using a cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone (CHOP) induction protocol or treated using a cyclophosphamide, mitoxantrone, vincristine, and prednisolone (CMOP) induction protocol. There was no statistical difference in signalment and the presence of historical negative prognostic factors between the groups. The median progression-free survival (PFS) in the CHOP and CMOP groups were 222 d and 162 d, respectively (P = 0.

Gene-expression profiling to identify genes related to spontaneous tumor regression in a canine cancer model.

Microarray transcriptome study in cancer has been commonly used to investigate tumorigenic mechanisms. The unique growth pattern of spontaneous regression (SR) after progressive (P) growth in canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT) provides a valuable cancer model to study the genome-wide differences in samples between the two stages of growth. In this study, Affymetrix analysis was performed based on the canine genome to compare the gene expression profiles of CTVT P- and SR-phase tumors.

Overexpression of chemokine ligand 7 is associated with the progression of canine transmissible venereal tumor.

Background: Chemokines play multiple roles in the development and progression in a variety of tumors. Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 7 (CXCL7) has been found associated with pro-inflammatory responses, but its role in cancer growth remains unclear. Our previous study showed that R phase tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) produced large amounts of interleukin (IL)-6 which antagonized transforming growth factor (TGF)-β derived from CTVT to diminish the immune-suppressive microenvironment.

Elevated Krüppel-like factor 4 transcription factor in canine mammary carcinoma.

Background: Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) are critical regulators of biological and physiological systems and have been extensively studied for their roles in cell proliferation, differentiation and survival in the context of cancer. Among the KLFs, KLF4 is highly expressed in human breast cancers and plays an oncogenic role. The present study examined the expression of KLF4 and assessed its significance in canine mammary carcinoma.

A 12-year retrospective study of canine testicular tumors.

To provide up-to-date information on the incidence and risk factors of canine testicular tumors, 476 pathological reports of male canine tumors from two institutes of veterinary medicine in Taiwan over a period of 12 years were reviewed. The detection rate of testicular tumors was 16.8% (80/476) in male canine tumors, and 94.