Neonatal Feeding Practices and SARS-CoV-2 Transmission in Neonates with Perinatal SARS-CoV-2 Exposure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The risk of neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infection from the mother's own milk (MoM) in neonates who are exposed to maternal SARS-CoV-2 during the perinatal period remains unclear. We conducted a systematic review to assess the association between MoM feeding and neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infection in neonates who were born to SARS-CoV-2-positive pregnant persons. PubMed Central and Google Scholar were searched for studies published by 14 March 2024 that reported neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infection by feeding type.

Advanced Endoscopic Techniques to Detect Prevalence of Synchronous Oesophageal Cancers in Patients with Head and Neck Cancers.

Objective: To study the prevalence of synchronous oesophageal cancer in patients with head and neck cancers using Narrow Band Imaging and Lugol's chromoendoscopy.

Materials And Methods: Study design: Prospective cross sectional diagnostic study. Method: 63 recruited patients with head and neck cancers, underwent haematologic evaluation, histological confirmation, imaging which included contrast enhanced computerised tomography(CECT) of the Neck and when indicated an additional Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI) scan followed by UGI endoscopy using white light followed by Narrow Band Imaging(NBI) and Lugol's chromoendoscopy(LCE).

A validated NICU database: recounting 50 years of clinical growth, quality improvement and research.

The importance of a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) database lies in its critical role in improving the quality of care for very preterm neonates and other high-risk newborns. These databases contain extensive information regarding maternal exposures, pregnancy complications, and neonatal care. They support quality improvement (QI) initiatives, facilitate clinical research, and track health outcomes in order to identify best practices and improve clinical guidelines.

OOPS: Object-Oriented Polarization Software for analysis of fluorescence polarization microscopy images.

Most essential cellular functions are performed by proteins assembled into larger complexes. Fluorescence Polarization Microscopy (FPM) is a powerful technique that goes beyond traditional imaging methods by allowing researchers to measure not only the localization of proteins within cells, but also their orientation or alignment within complexes or cellular structures. FPM can be easily integrated into standard widefield microscopes with the addition of a polarization modulator.

Successful surgical separation of asymmetrical caudal duplication or parasitic twinning in a kitten.

Case Summary: A female kitten with two ectopic supernumerary pelvic limbs arising from the umbilicus was born in our clinic. Five weeks after the kitten's birth, she showed an acute deterioration in condition, with clinical signs of an ileus in the intestines entering the supernumerary body part. We then performed a surgical separation of the supernumerary limbs and intestines.

Caregiver reactions to babbling organize turn-taking interactions: Facilitative effects of vocal versus non-vocal responses.

Turn-taking interactions are foundational to the development of social, communicative, and cognitive skills. In infants, vocal turn-taking experience is predictive of infants' socioemotional and language development. However, different forms of turn-taking interactions may have different effects on infant vocalizing.

A network-based modeling framework reveals the core signal transduction network underlying high carbon dioxide-induced stomatal closure in guard cells.

Stomata are pores on plant aerial surfaces, each bordered by a pair of guard cells. They control gas exchange vital for plant survival. Understanding how guard cells respond to environmental signals such as atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels is not only insightful to fundamental biology but also relevant to real-world issues of crop productivity under global climate change.

Dsg2 ectodomain organization increases throughout desmosome assembly.

Desmosomes are intercellular junctions that regulate mechanical integrity in epithelia and cardiac muscle. Dynamic desmosome remodeling is essential for wound healing and development, yet the mechanisms governing junction assembly remain elusive. While we and others have shown that cadherin ectodomains are highly organized, how this ordered architecture emerges during assembly is unknown.

Models of Cell Processes are Far from the Edge of Chaos.

Complex living systems are thought to exist at the "edge of chaos" separating the ordered dynamics of robust function from the disordered dynamics of rapid environmental adaptation. Here, a deeper inspection of 72 experimentally supported discrete dynamical models of cell processes reveals previously unobserved order on long time scales, suggesting greater rigidity in these systems than was previously conjectured. We find that propagation of internal perturbations is transient in most cases, and that even when large perturbation cascades persist, their phenotypic effects are often minimal.

Response to Therapeutic Interventions in the NICU: Role of Sex as a Biological Variable.

Sex as a biological variable plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of specific diseases and can have a potential impact on the response to therapies and disease outcomes. Sex-specific differences have been reported in prematurity-related outcomes, suggesting that preterm infants exhibit differences in biological predisposition or resilience to disease. Furthermore, striking differences in response to common neonatal therapies such as antenatal and postnatal steroids, indomethacin, and other nonpharmacologic agents raise the critical need to assess therapeutic responses stratified by biological sex.

Network medicine framework reveals generic herb-symptom effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine.

Understanding natural and traditional medicine can lead to world-changing drug discoveries. Despite the therapeutic effectiveness of individual herbs, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) lacks a scientific foundation and is often considered a myth. In this study, we establish a network medicine framework and reveal the general TCM treatment principle as the topological relationship between disease symptoms and TCM herb targets on the human protein interactome.

Sigh Ventilation in Patients With Trauma: The SiVent Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Among patients receiving mechanical ventilation, tidal volumes with each breath are often constant or similar. This may lead to ventilator-induced lung injury by altering or depleting surfactant. The role of sigh breaths in reducing ventilator-induced lung injury among trauma patients at risk of poor outcomes is unknown.

Unmet needs in street homeless people: a commentary on multiple interconnected needs in a vulnerable group.

Street homeless people face stigmas in addition multiple unmet needs, which may include physical, psychological, mental health and social needs to name a few. Their life expectancy is shorter than that of the general population. Mental health problems are common but street homeless people face considerable barriers accessing support.

Enhanced Resistance to Viruses in 'Columbia' Is Dependent on Salicylic Acid, Correlates with High Glutathione Levels, and Extends to Plant-Pathogenic Bacteria and Abiotic Stress.

Our earlier research showed that an interspecific tobacco hybrid ( 'Columbia' [NEC]) displays elevated levels of salicylic acid (SA) and enhanced resistance to localized necrotic symptoms (hypersensitive response [HR]) caused by tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and tobacco necrosis virus (TNV), as compared with another interspecific hybrid ( [NE]) derived from the same parents. In the present study, we investigated whether symptomatic resistance in NEC is indeed associated with the inhibition of TMV and TNV and whether SA plays a role in this process. We demonstrated that enhanced viral resistance in NEC is manifested as both milder local necrotic (HR) symptoms and reduced levels of TMV and TNV.

Inferring gene regulatory networks using transcriptional profiles as dynamical attractors.

Genetic regulatory networks (GRNs) regulate the flow of genetic information from the genome to expressed messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and thus are critical to controlling the phenotypic characteristics of cells. Numerous methods exist for profiling mRNA transcript levels and identifying protein-DNA binding interactions at the genome-wide scale. These enable researchers to determine the structure and output of transcriptional regulatory networks, but uncovering the complete structure and regulatory logic of GRNs remains a challenge.

Amoxicillin therapeutic drug monitoring for endocarditis: A comparative study (EI-STAB).

Introduction: International guidelines recommend high doses of β-lactams for most cases of infective endocarditis (IE). Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is increasingly used to adjust β-lactam dose based on plasma concentrations, although there are no comparative studies to support this practice. The benefit of amoxicillin TDM during IE was evaluated.

The knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions toward the Oxford AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine amongst Primary Health care workers in North-Central Trinidad.

Aim: To determine the effects of knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of primary care health workers toward receiving the Oxford AstraZeneca vaccine in North Central, Trinidad.

Methods: A pretested questionnaire containing forty-eight (48) closed ended questions and one (1) open ended question was used to gather data. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data obtained from the questionnaire.

Role of Narrow Band Imaging in Laryngeal Lesions: A Prospective Study from Southern India.

To assess the utility of Narrow Band Imaging (NBI) as a diagnostic tool in evaluating laryngeal pathology in patients presenting with hoarseness. Study design: Prospective cross sectional diagnostic study. Methods: 200 patients with voice change were recruited and laryngeal findings documented with high definition flexible endoscopy with both white light and narrow band light and the representative still images recorded for analysis.

Evaluation of Portable Tablet-Based Audiometry in a South Indian Population.

While a comprehensive booth audiogram is the gold standard for diagnosis of hearing loss, access to this may not be available in remote and low resource settings. The aims of this study were to validate a tablet-based audiometer in a tertiary medical center in India and explore its capacity in improving access to hearing healthcare. Subjects presenting to Ear-Nose-Throat clinics for conventional booth audiometry testing were recruited for subsequent tablet-based audiometric testing.

Predicting cascading extinctions and efficient restoration strategies in plant-pollinator networks via generalized positive feedback loops.

The extinction of a species in a plant-pollinator mutualistic community can cause cascading effects and lead to major biodiversity loss. The ecologically important task of predicting the severity of the cascading effects is made challenging by the complex network of interactions among the species. In this work, we analyze an ensemble of models of communities of plant and pollinator species.

Dietary strategies of Pleistocene Pongo sp. and Homo erectus on Java (Indonesia).

During the Early to Middle Pleistocene, Java was inhabited by hominid taxa of great diversity. However, their seasonal dietary strategies have never been explored. We undertook geochemical analyses of orangutan (Pongo sp.